data Ichneumonoidea forest and cassava amazon

Parasitoid Hymenoptera are key natural enemies of insect pests, playing an essential role in ecological balance and pest control in agroecosystems. Ichneumonoidea is the largest superfamily in the order, but its diversity in the Amazon remains understudied. This study aimed to assess the diversity of Ichneumonoidea parasitoids in native forest and cassava crop environments in Mâncio Lima, state of Acre, Brazil. Sampling was conducted using Malaise traps installed in forest and cassava areas over three 15-day periods between December 2020 and April 2021. Specimens were sorted and identified at family and subfamily levels under a stereomicroscope. A total of 1,649 Ichneumonoidea individuals were collected, comprising 32 subfamilies (15 Ichneumonidae and 17 Braconidae). The native forest exhibited significantly higher diversity and richness of Ichneumonidae compared to the cassava cropland, with a notable structural difference driven by the dominance of Cremastinae on the cropland. For Braconidae, while the overall composition of the community did not differ significantly between the habitats, the croplands were characterized by a highly female-biased sex ratio (88% females). These results indicate that while the cassava agroecosystem sustains a high abundance of certain key parasitoids, the adjacent native forest acts as a crucial reservoir for a wider diversity of the parasitoid community, highlighting the importance of forest remnants for maintaining the full suite of natural enemies in agricultural landscapes.

膜翅目寄生蜂类群（Parasitoid Hymenoptera）是害虫的核心天敌类群，在农业生态系统的生态平衡维持与害虫防控工作中发挥着不可或缺的关键作用。姬蜂总科（Ichneumonoidea）是膜翅目中最大的总科，但其在亚马逊地区的物种多样性仍未得到充分研究。本研究旨在评估巴西阿克雷州曼西奥利马地区原生林与木薯种植园生境中的姬蜂总科寄生蜂多样性。研究于2020年12月至2021年4月间，分3个为期15天的周期，通过布设于森林与木薯种植区域的马来氏诱捕器（Malaise trap）开展采样工作。研究人员在体视显微镜下对采集标本进行分拣，并以科与亚科分类单元开展鉴定。本次研究共采集到1649头姬蜂总科个体，隶属于32个亚科（其中姬蜂科（Ichneumonidae）15个亚科，茧蜂科（Braconidae）17个亚科）。与木薯种植园相比，原生林内的姬蜂科物种多样性与丰富度均显著更高；种植园内以Cremastinae亚科（Cremastinae）为优势类群，使得两类生境的群落结构呈现显著差异。就茧蜂科而言，尽管两类生境的群落整体组成无显著差异，但种植园的性比呈现强烈的雌性偏倚，雌性个体占比达88%。研究结果表明：尽管木薯农业生态系统能够维持部分关键寄生蜂类群的较高种群丰度，但毗邻的原生林是更为多样的寄生蜂群落的重要庇护所，这凸显了森林残存斑块在维持农业景观中完整天敌类群方面的重要价值。