Fog water quality in Villa María Lomas, Lima, Peru, during 2015

Fog water harvesting is an alternative to get freshwater in zones where drinking water access is limited or non-existent. Nonetheless, atmospheric pollution in places where fog is transported can contaminate fog water. Fog is the principal water supply in some ecosystems in Lima called “Lomas”. Villa María “Lomas” are one of those, but here exists contamination by a cement factory, pig farms, garbage burning and the general air pollution in Lima. Evaluate the fog water quality in “Villa María” Lomas, contrasting water monitoring results with Peruvian regulations. Seven Standard Fog Collectors were used to collect fog water in the study area. Fog water samples were taken once per month, from August to October 2015. Cations, anions and trace elements in water fog samples were analyzed by ICP-OES, Ion Chromatography and ICP-MS respectively. Analysis of air mass trajectories, spatial analysis of the distribution of pollutants, and the chemical components contribution analysis by emission sources were carried out to determine the sources of contamination of the fog water. Levels of aluminium, arsenic, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, iron and lead are founded in some samples of water fog, exceeding the pollutants values according to Peruvian regulations. The samples taken near the cement factory contain most of mentioned pollutants and the highest levels of arsenic. High levels of aluminum and iron were associated with the dragging of soil particles from Villa María Lomas, while the main source of contamination of fog water by lead is the air pollution of Metropolitan Lima.

雾水收集是在饮用水获取受限或完全缺失的地区获取淡水的替代方案。然而，雾团传输途经区域的大气污染可能会污染雾水。利马的部分被称为"洛马斯（Lomas）"的生态系统中，雾是主要供水来源。其中，"比亚马里亚（Villa María）"洛马斯便是这类生态系统之一，但该区域存在水泥厂、养猪场、垃圾焚烧以及利马全域大气污染带来的污染问题。本研究对"比亚马里亚"洛马斯的雾水水质开展评估，将水质监测结果与秘鲁相关法规进行对比。研究区域共布设7台标准雾水收集器（Standard Fog Collectors）用于采集雾水样本。样本采集周期为2015年8月至10月，每月采样1次。分别采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）、离子色谱法（Ion Chromatography）与电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）对雾水样品中的阳离子、阴离子及微量元素进行分析。通过气团轨迹分析、污染物分布空间分析以及排放源化学成分贡献解析，以明确该区域雾水的污染来源。部分雾水样品中检出铝、砷、氯化物、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、硫酸盐、铁及铅等污染物，其浓度超出秘鲁法规规定的限值。靠近水泥厂的采样点所含污染物种类最多，且砷浓度最高。高浓度铝与铁元素与"比亚马里亚"洛马斯区域的土壤颗粒侵蚀相关，而铅类污染物的主要污染来源为利马大都会区的大气污染。