North Pacific and Arctic Marine Vessel Traffic Dataset (2015-2020); 1 Kilometer Resolution Coastal.

These data are a spatially explicit representation of monthly shipping intensity in the Pacific Arctic region from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020. We calculated shipping intensity based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, a type of Global Positioning System (GPS) transmitter required by the International Maritime Organization on all ships over 300 gross tonnes on an international voyage, all cargo ships over 500 gross tonnes, and all passenger ships. We used AIS data received by the exactEarth satellite constellation (64 satellites as of 2020), ensuring spatial coverage regardless of national jurisdiction or remoteness. Our analytical approach converted raw AIS input into monthly raster datasets. We first filtered raw AIS messages to remove spurious records and GPS errors, then joined remaining vessel positional records with static messages including descriptive attributes. To develop the raster dataset, we created a series of spatially explicit daily vessel tracks according to unique voyages and aggregated tracks by month. We then created a raster grid and calculated the total length, in meters, of all vessel tracks within each raster cell. To capture a high resolution look at vessel traffic in coastal areas, this data set aggregates vessel track lines into 1-km resolution raster cells located within a 10-km buffer of the coastline of the study area. These monthly datasets provide a critical snapshot of dynamic commercial and natural systems in the Pacific Arctic region. Recent declines in sea ice have lengthened the duration of the shipping season and have expanded the spatial coverage of large vessel routes, from the Aleutian Islands through the Bering Strait and into the southern Chukchi Sea. As vessel traffic has increased, so has exposure to the myriad environmental risks posed by large ships, including oil spills, underwater noise pollution, large cetacean ship-strikes, and discharges of pollutants. This dataset provides scientific researchers, local community members, mariners, and decision-makers with a quantitative means to evaluate the distribution and intensity of shipping across space and through time. In addition to this coastal data subset, we also produced data products in 25- and 10-km raster format for the entire study area as well as a hex data set which contains additional attributes (e.g., number of ships, ship speed). To find these products, search for “North Pacific and Arctic Marine Vessel Traffic Dataset” in the Arctic Data Center’s data repository.

本数据集为2015年1月1日至2020年12月31日期间北太平洋北极区域月度船舶通航强度的空间显式表征。我们基于自动识别系统（Automatic Identification System, AIS）数据计算船舶通航强度——国际海事组织要求所有从事国际航行的300总吨以上船舶、500总吨以上货船及所有客船均需安装此类全球定位系统（Global Positioning System, GPS）发射装置。本研究使用exactEarth卫星星座（截至2020年共64颗卫星）接收的AIS数据，可确保无论管辖区域或偏远程度如何，均能实现完整空间覆盖。我们的分析流程将原始AIS输入数据转换为月度栅格数据集：首先对原始AIS报文进行滤波处理，剔除虚假记录与GPS误差，随后将剩余的船舶位置记录与包含描述性属性的静态报文进行关联。为生成栅格数据集，我们依据唯一航次构建一系列空间显式的每日船舶轨迹，并按月度聚合轨迹数据；随后创建栅格网格，并计算每个栅格单元内所有船舶轨迹的总长度（单位：米）。为清晰呈现近岸区域的船舶交通细节，本数据集将船舶轨迹线聚合至研究区域海岸线10公里缓冲范围内的1公里分辨率栅格单元中。这些月度数据集为北太平洋北极区域的动态商业与自然系统提供了关键快照。近年来海冰消退延长了通航季时长，并扩大了大型船舶航线的空间覆盖范围，从阿留申群岛经白令海峡延伸至楚科奇海南部。随着船舶交通量增长，大型船舶带来的各类环境风险也随之增加，包括船舶溢油、水下噪声污染、大型鲸类船舶碰撞以及污染物排放。本数据集为科研人员、当地社区成员、船员及决策者提供了量化手段，以评估船舶通航在空间与时间维度上的分布与强度。除该近岸数据子集外，我们还针对整个研究区域生成了25公里与10公里分辨率的栅格格式数据产品，以及包含额外属性（如船舶数量、航速）的六边形格网数据集。如需获取这些产品，请在北极数据中心（Arctic Data Center）的数据仓库中搜索"North Pacific and Arctic Marine Vessel Traffic Dataset"。