A multi-species, intraspecific functional traits data set on fish species from the Bay of Biscay (France).

The global biodiversity crisis due to anthropogenic pressures jeopardizes marine ecosystems functioning and services. Community responses to these environmental changes can be assessed through functional diversity, a biodiversity component related to organism-environment interactions, estimated through biological traits related to organism functions (locomotion, feeding mode, reproduction). Fishes play a key role in marine systems functioning and supply proteins for billions of humans worldwide, yet most of the knowledge is limited to several commercial species and little is known about the intraspecific variability of their functional traits. The data provided here consists of 867 records of individuals from 85 species of ray-finned (Actinopterygii) and cartilaginous (Chondrichthyes) fishes sampled in the Bay of Biscay (Atlantic, France) between autumn 2017 and 2019. We provided for each individual the taxonomic classification, 16 ecomorphological measures (5 directly made on fresh individuals and 11 realized using individual pictures), that were converted into 9 ecomorphological traits classically documented in the literature (biomass, protrusion, oral gape shape, surface and position, eye size and position, body transversal shape and surface, pectoral fin position and caudal peduncle throttling) and 8 life history traits obtained from Fishbase (maximum length, average depth, depth range, trophic level, reproduction mode, fertilization mode, parental care, vertical position in the water column). These traits document several functions such as dispersion, feeding mode, habitat use, position in the food web, and reproduction. To improve the development of new traits, we provided a picture of each individual with an ROI file containing the different morpho-anatomical measures made using “ImageJ'' software and an R function to extract them. In addition, we provided the metadata from each sampling site (years, dates, stations, sampling hours, strata, gears, latitudes, longitudes, depths) and environmental variables measured in situ (conductivity, salinity, water temperature, water density, air temperature). This data set accounting for the intraspecific variability among 85 fish species is of interest to better understand the effects of environmental forcing in a global change context as in the Bay of Biscay, a highly-fished transition zone harboring mixed assemblages of boreal, temperate, and subtropical fish species that are susceptible to display variability in functional trait to adapt to changing conditions.

由人为活动压力引发的全球生物多样性危机，正严重威胁海洋生态系统的功能运转与生态服务供给。可通过功能多样性评估生物群落对这类环境变化的响应：功能多样性是与生物-环境交互作用相关的生物多样性组分，可通过关联生物功能（运动、摄食方式、繁殖）的生物学性状进行估算。鱼类在海洋生态系统功能中发挥核心作用，同时为全球数十亿人口提供优质蛋白质来源，但当前学界对鱼类的认知多局限于少数商业鱼种，对其功能性状的种内变异所知甚少。本次发布的数据集包含2017年秋季至2019年间，在法国大西洋比斯开湾采集的85种鱼类（包括辐鳍鱼纲（Actinopterygii）与软骨鱼纲（Chondrichthyes））的867条个体记录。我们为每条个体提供了分类学分类信息、16项生态形态学测量指标（其中5项直接针对新鲜个体开展测定，11项通过个体照片获取），这些指标被整合为文献中经典记载的9项生态形态学性状：生物量、突出度、口裂形态与表面积、位置、眼大小与位置、躯体横切面形态与表面积、胸鳍位置以及尾柄节流特性；同时还从Fishbase数据库获取了8项生活史性状，包括最大体长、平均栖息深度、深度范围、营养级、繁殖方式、受精方式、亲代抚育行为以及水体垂直分布位置。这些性状涵盖了扩散、摄食方式、生境利用、食物网位置以及繁殖等多项核心生物功能。为助力新型功能性状的开发工作，我们为每条个体提供了高清照片，附带包含使用"ImageJ"软件测量得到的各类形态解剖学指标的ROI（感兴趣区域）文件，以及用于提取这些指标的R函数脚本。此外，我们还提供了每个采样点的完整元数据，包括采样年份、日期、站位编号、采样时长、采样分层信息、采网渔具类型、纬度、经度以及采样深度；同时附带原位测定的环境变量数据：电导率、盐度、水温、水体密度以及气温。本数据集涵盖了85种鱼类的种内变异，有助于在全球变化背景下更好地解析环境胁迫的生态效应——比斯开湾作为高强度捕捞的过渡海域，栖息着寒带、温带与亚热带混合的鱼类群落，这类物种易于通过功能性状变异来适应不断变化的环境条件。