Quantity of resources utilized and unit costs for the provision of PMTCT services from the first antenatal visit through six months after delivery.

3TC: lamivudine; ARV: antiretroviral; AZT: zidovudine; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; NVP: nevirapine; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PMTCT: prevention of mother-to-child transmission; USD: United States dollar.aA mother was considered to have initiated triple-drug ART if site registers indicated that she had either a CD4≤350 cells/µL or an ART referral indicated in the site registers.bDifferences in means between mothers considered to have initiated triple-drug ART and not considered to have initiated triple-drug ART were calculated using an independent two-sided t-test.cZambian national guidelines recommend co-trimoxazole 400 mg/80 mg tablets twice daily from 14 weeks gestation for all HIV-infected pregnant women [5]. The guidelines also recommend ARV prophylaxis for HIV-infected pregnant women not yet on triple-drug ART, including: AZT 300 mg tablets twice daily from 14 weeks gestation through one week postpartum, one NVP 200 mg tablet at delivery, and 3TC 150 mg tablets twice daily from delivery through one week postpartum [5].dZambian national guidelines recommend co-trimoxazole prophylaxis for HIV-exposed babies from six weeks of age until HIV infection is excluded, with a recommended dose of 2.5 ml of 240 mg/5 ml co-trimoxazole suspension per day for babies less than six months of age [5]. The guidelines also recommend daily NVP from birth through one week after the cessation of breastfeeding for infants born to mothers not yet on triple-drug ART and daily NVP from birth through six weeks of age for infants born to mothers on triple-drug ART, with a recommended dose of 1–1.5 ml of 10 mg/ml NVP suspension per day from birth to six weeks and 2 ml per day from six weeks to six months of age [5]. The guidelines also recommend that HIV-exposed infants receive a first HIV DNA PCR test at 6 weeks of age and a second HIV DNA PCR test at six months of age if the first HIV DNA PCR test was negative [5].

3TC：拉米夫定（lamivudine）；ARV：抗逆转录病毒药物（antiretroviral）；AZT：齐多夫定（zidovudine）；DNA：脱氧核糖核酸（deoxyribonucleic acid）；HIV：人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus）；NVP：奈韦拉平（nevirapine）；PCR：聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction）；PMTCT：预防艾滋病母婴传播（prevention of mother-to-child transmission）；USD：美元（United States dollar）。a. 若站点登记记录显示孕妇CD4+T淋巴细胞计数≤350个/微升，或存在抗逆转录病毒治疗（antiretroviral therapy，ART）转诊记录，则认定该孕妇已启动三联抗逆转录病毒治疗。b. 采用独立双侧t检验，计算已启动三联抗逆转录病毒治疗与未启动该治疗的孕妇之间的均数差异。c. 赞比亚国家指南建议，所有HIV感染孕妇自妊娠14周起服用复方新诺明400mg/80mg片剂，每日2次[5]。对于尚未启动三联抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染孕妇，指南同时推荐以下抗逆转录病毒预防方案：自妊娠14周至产后1周，服用齐多夫定（zidovudine，AZT）300mg片剂，每日2次；分娩时服用1片奈韦拉平（nevirapine，NVP）200mg片剂；自分娩至产后1周，服用拉米夫定（lamivudine，3TC）150mg片剂，每日2次[5]。d. 赞比亚国家指南建议，HIV暴露婴儿自6周龄起至排除HIV感染前，需接受复方新诺明预防治疗：6月龄以下婴儿每日服用240mg/5ml复方新诺明混悬液2.5ml[5]。对于母亲尚未启动三联抗逆转录病毒治疗的新生儿，指南推荐自出生至母乳喂养结束后1周，每日服用奈韦拉平（nevirapine，NVP）；对于母亲已启动三联抗逆转录病毒治疗的新生儿，推荐自出生至6周龄每日服用奈韦拉平，其中出生至6周龄的推荐剂量为每日1~1.5ml 10mg/ml奈韦拉平混悬液，6周至6月龄的推荐剂量为每日2ml[5]。此外，指南还建议HIV暴露婴儿在6周龄时接受首次HIV脱氧核糖核酸（deoxyribonucleic acid）聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction）检测，若首次检测结果为阴性，则需在6月龄时接受第二次HIV脱氧核糖核酸聚合酶链式反应检测[5]。