Sorghum CP-NAM Parent Genomes

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an agriculturally and economically important staple crop that has immense potential as a bioenergy feedstock due to its relatively high productivity on marginal lands. To capitalize on and further improve sorghum as a potential source of sustainable biofuel, it is essential to understand the genomic mechanisms underlying complex traits related to yield, composition, and environmental adaptations. Expanding on a recently developed mapping population, we generated de novo genome assemblies for 10 parental genotypes from this population and identified a comprehensive set of over 24 thousand large structural variants (SVs) and over 10.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that can be integrated into both ongoing and future mapping and trait discovery for sorghum and its myriad uses including food, feed, bioenergy, and increasingly as a carbon dioxide removal mechanism. We show that SVs and nonsynonymous SNPs are enriched in different gene categories, emphasizing the need for long read sequencing in crop species to identify novel variation. Furthermore, we highlight SVs and SNPs occurring in genes and pathways with known associations to critical bioenergy-related phenotypes and characterize the landscape of genetic differences between sweet and cellulosic genotypes.

高粱（Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench）是兼具农业与经济价值的重要主粮作物，因在边际土地上可维持较高产量，具备作为生物能源原料的巨大潜力。为充分利用并进一步优化高粱作为可持续生物燃料来源的性能，解析其产量、组分与环境适应性等复杂性状背后的基因组调控机制至关重要。本研究基于近期构建的作图群体，对该群体的10个亲本基因型开展了从头基因组组装，鉴定得到一套包含超2.4万个大型结构变异（Structural Variants, SVs）与超1050万个单核苷酸多态性（Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, SNPs）的综合变异集；该变异集可应用于当前及未来的高粱作图与性状挖掘研究，覆盖高粱在粮食、饲料、生物能源等诸多领域的用途，且其作为二氧化碳移除机制的应用潜力也日益凸显。研究发现，结构变异与非同义单核苷酸多态性分别富集于不同的基因类别中，这凸显了在作物物种中采用长读长测序以鉴定新型遗传变异的必要性。此外，本研究还明确了与关键生物能源相关表型存在已知关联的基因及通路中的结构变异与单核苷酸多态性，并解析了甜高粱与纤维素类基因型之间的遗传差异图谱。