中沙群岛环礁NW-SE地形剖面图

1973―1978年，中国科学院南海海洋研究所连续开展西沙、中沙群岛及中部海域综合调查，以“实验”号调查船为主，共进行了11个航次的综合考察，航程共3万多 海里。调查了西沙群岛各个岛礁，多次穿越中沙群岛(浅滩)，一再登上黄岩岛(民主礁)，并穿越南沙群岛北侧。调查项目包括海洋地质地球物理(重力、磁力测量)、海底地形地貌、海洋沉积、水文、气象、化学、物理、生物、以及岛礁地貌等。该图来源于黄金森，1987；黄金森 等，1982等的调查研究成果。

From 1973 to 1978, the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, conducted continuous comprehensive surveys in the waters of the Xisha Islands, Zhongsha Islands and the central South China Sea. Using the "Shiyan" research vessel as the primary survey platform, a total of 11 comprehensive cruise expeditions were carried out, with a total voyage distance exceeding 30,000 nautical miles. The surveys covered all reefs and islands of the Xisha Islands, traversed the Zhongsha Islands (shoals) multiple times, repeatedly visited Huangyan Island (Democracy Reef), and crossed the northern waters of the Nansha Islands. The survey items included marine geology and geophysics (gravity and magnetic surveys), seabed topography and geomorphology, marine sedimentology, hydrology, meteorology, marine chemistry, marine physics, marine biology, as well as reef and island geomorphology, among others. This dataset is sourced from the survey and research results of Huang Jinsen (1987), Huang Jinsen et al. (1982), and other relevant studies.