Evaluation of nutritional risk factors in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-eligible patients

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the nutritional risk factors in patients eligible for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted with patients recruited from an hematology outpatient clinic. Study variables included demographic and clinical data, patient-generated global subjective assessment findings, anthropometric indicators, food intake and oxidative stress levels. The level of significance was set at 5% (p<0.05). Results The sample comprised 72 patients, mean age of 48.93 years (14.5%). Multiple myeloma was the most prevalent condition (51.4%) in this sample. Most patients (55.6%) were overweight according to body mass index and at risk of cardiovascular disease according to waist circumference, conicity index and percentage of body fat. Sarcopenia was associated with risk of cardiovascular disease, hip-to-waist ratio (p=0.021), muscle strength depletion (p<0.001), food intake (p=0.023), reduced functional capacity (p=0.048), self-reported well-nourished status; p=0.044) and inadequate vitamin B6 (p=0.022) and manganese (p=0.026) intake. Elevated oxidative stress, detected in 33.3% of patients in this sample, was not associated with sarcopenia. Conclusion Most patients in this sample were overweight and sarcopenic. Lean mass depletion was associated with risk of cardiovascular disease, reduced muscle strength, food intake changes, reduced functional capacity, self-reported well-nourished status and inadequate intake of vitamin B6 and manganese, but not with oxidative stress.

摘要 研究目的：本研究旨在评估符合造血干细胞移植（hematopoietic stem cell transplantation）适应证患者的营养相关危险因素。研究方法：本研究为一项横断面描述性研究，研究对象招募自某血液科门诊。研究变量涵盖人口统计学与临床资料、患者自评全面主观评估（Patient-Generated Global Subjective Assessment）结果、人体测量学指标、食物摄入情况及氧化应激（oxidative stress）水平。本研究设定显著性水平为5%（p<0.05）。研究结果：本研究共纳入72例患者，平均年龄为48.93岁（14.5%）。本样本中最常见的基础疾病为多发性骨髓瘤（multiple myeloma），占比达51.4%。依据体重指数（body mass index）判断，55.6%的患者存在超重情况；结合腰围、圆锥指数与体脂百分比评估，多数患者存在心血管疾病风险。肌少症（sarcopenia）与心血管疾病风险、腰臀比（hip-to-waist ratio，p=0.021）、肌力减退（p<0.001）、食物摄入情况（p=0.023）、功能能力下降（p=0.048）及自我报告的营养良好状态（p=0.044）相关，同时与维生素B6（p=0.022）和锰（p=0.026）摄入不足相关。本样本中33.3%的患者存在氧化应激水平升高情况，但该指标与肌少症无显著关联。研究结论：本样本中多数患者存在超重与肌少症情况。瘦体重流失与心血管疾病风险、肌力减退、食物摄入改变、功能能力下降、自我报告的营养良好状态及维生素B6和锰摄入不足相关，但与氧化应激无关联。