Study of the brainstem auditory evoked potential with speech stimulus in the pediatric population with and without oral language disorders: a systematic review

Abstract Introduction: The brainstem auditory evoked potential with speech stimulus, BAEP-speech, has been applied to observe how speech sounds are manifested in the brainstem. This tool can be used in children to assess central auditory processing, allowing preventive and early interventions. Objective: To assess the results found in the brainstem auditory evoked potential with speech stimulus in the pediatric population with and without oral language disorders, through a systematic literature review. Methods: The search was carried out in the scientific databases Portal BVS, Pubmed, Lilacs, Medline, Scielo and Web of Science, OpenGrey.eu, DissOnline, OpenDoar, OAIster and The New York Academy of Medicine. A systematic literature review was performed using the descriptors: auditory evoked potentials, children and their synonyms, combined by the Boolean operators AND and OR. The search filter “age: child” was used. The studies were independently read by peers and, in case of disagreement regarding the inclusion of studies, a third researcher was consulted. Original case-control articles that performed BAEP-speech without competitive noise, carried out in the pediatric population without and with oral language disorders, were included. Result: 14 articles published between 2008 and 2019 were included in this review. Methodological variability was observed in the exam, with the syllable / da / being the most frequently used as the stimulus. When performing the average of the groups, it was observed that the population with specific language disorders showed greater latency delays in the sustained portion, lower amplitude values and VA complex slope. The group with phonological disorders had higher values in the transient portion of the responses. Conclusion: Children with language disorders of different etiologies have different patterns of BAEP-speech responses when compared to children with typical development.

引言与背景：言语刺激型脑干听觉诱发电位（brainstem auditory evoked potential with speech stimulus，BAEP-speech）已被广泛用于探究语音在脑干中的表征机制。该工具可应用于儿童群体以评估其中枢听觉处理（central auditory processing）能力，为早期干预与预防措施提供依据。
研究目的：通过系统文献综述，评估存在口头语言障碍与发育典型的儿科人群中，言语刺激型脑干听觉诱发电位的检测结果。
研究方法：本研究检索了以下学术数据库：Portal BVS、PubMed、Lilacs、Medline、Scielo、Web of Science、OpenGrey.eu、DissOnline、OpenDoar、OAIster及纽约医学院（The New York Academy of Medicine）馆藏资源。本研究采用系统文献综述方法，以“听觉诱发电位”“儿童”及其同义词为检索词，通过布尔运算符（Boolean operators）“与（AND）”和“或（OR）”进行逻辑组合，并设置“年龄：儿童”作为检索筛选条件。研究文献由两名研究者独立审阅，若二人对文献纳入标准存在分歧，则由第三名研究者进行裁定。最终纳入的文献为在无竞争性噪声环境下开展言语刺激型脑干听觉诱发电位检测的原创性病例对照研究，研究对象涵盖存在口头语言障碍与发育典型的儿科人群。
研究结果：本综述共纳入2008年至2019年间发表的14篇文献。本次纳入的研究在检测方法上存在显著异质性，其中以音节/da/作为刺激声的研究最为常见。对两组人群的检测结果进行均值分析后发现，存在特定语言障碍的人群在诱发电位的持续成分中表现出更长的潜伏期延迟、更低的振幅值以及异常的VA复合波（VA complex）斜率。存在语音障碍（phonological disorders）的人群则在反应的瞬时成分中表现出更高的振幅数值。
研究结论：与发育典型的儿童相比，不同病因引发语言障碍的儿童，其言语刺激型脑干听觉诱发电位的反应模式存在显著差异。