Diversity of scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) in ten varieties of olive trees (Olea europaea L.) in Southern Brazil

Abstract Olive production (Olea europaea L.) is a recent activity in Brazil and studies on the adaptability of olive trees varieties in the States are required. One of the problems that can hamper the development of olive trees is the incidence of pests, such as scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha). In this study, the associated scale insect species were found in ten varieties in an olive grove located at the Research Center of the Serra do Sudeste Region (30º33’15”S, 52º23’45”W) in Brazil. The surveys were carried out twice in each season (2013-2014). Six species of armored scale insect (Diaspididae) and two soft scales (Coccidae) were determined. Saissetia oleae (Coccidae) with 88.15% and Aspidiotus nerii (Diaspididae) with 5.85% occurred in all varieties of olive trees. The varieties Arbequina, Frantoio and Cipressino were with greater richness of scale insects, the highest values of diversity occurred in Frantoio, Arbequina and Picual; in Alfafara, Arbosana and Coratina there was a high dominance of one species (S. oleae).

摘要 油橄榄（Olea europaea L.）种植在巴西属于新兴产业，当前亟需针对巴西各州的橄榄品种适应性开展研究。阻碍橄榄产业发展的核心问题之一为虫害发生，其中以介壳虫（Hemiptera, Coccomorpha）最为突出。本研究于巴西塞拉杜苏代斯特地区研究中心（南纬30°33′15″，西经52°23′45″）的一处橄榄园内，针对10个橄榄品种的伴生介壳虫类群展开调查；调查于2013-2014年的每个季节开展两次。经鉴定，共发现6种盾蚧（Diaspididae）与2种软蚧（Coccidae）。软蚧科的油橄榄黑盔蚧（Saissetia oleae, Coccidae）检出率达88.15%，盾蚧科的夹竹桃褐圆蚧（Aspidiotus nerii, Diaspididae）检出率为5.85%，二者均在所有供试橄榄品种中发生。供试的阿尔贝奎娜（Arbequina）、弗兰托伊奥（Frantoio）与奇普里西诺（Cipressino）三个品种的介壳虫物种丰富度最高；物种多样性指数最高的三个品种为弗兰托伊奥、阿尔贝奎娜与皮夸尔（Picual）；而阿尔法拉法（Alfafara）、阿尔博萨纳（Arbosana）与科拉蒂纳（Coratina）三个品种中，油橄榄黑盔蚧（S. oleae）呈现出极强的种群优势度。