CRITIC weighting results.

Occupational injuries in the construction industry have plagued many countries, and many cases have shown that accidents often occur because of a combination of project participants. Assembled construction (AC) projects have received extensive attention from Chinese scholars as a future trend, but few studies have explored the interrelationships and potential risks of various stakeholders in depth. This study fills this research gap by proposing a multi-stakeholder AC risk framework. The study surveyed 396 stakeholders, then analyzed the collected data and created a risk framework based on Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and the CRITIC weighting method. The results revealed that factors like "regular supervision is a formality," "blindly approving the wrong safety measures," and "failure to organize effective safety education and training." are vital risks in AC of China. Finally, the study validates the risk factors and the framework with 180 real-life cases, which shows that the proposed framework is theoretically grounded and realistic. The study also suggests multi-level strategies such as introducing AI-based automated risk monitoring, improving the adaptability of normative provisions to technological advances, and advancing the culture of project communities of interest to ensure AC’s safe practices.

建筑行业职业伤害问题长期困扰全球多国，诸多事故案例均表明，安全事故的发生往往是项目参与方多方协同失责所致。装配式建筑（Assembled Construction, AC）作为建筑行业未来发展趋势，受到国内学者的广泛关注，但目前鲜有研究深入探讨各类项目利益相关方之间的互动关联与潜在风险。本研究针对这一研究空白，构建了面向装配式建筑的多利益相关方风险分析框架。本研究共调研396名项目利益相关方，对采集到的调研数据展开分析，并基于结构方程模型（Structural Equation Modelling, SEM）与CRITIC权重法搭建了风险分析框架。研究结果显示，“日常监管流于形式”“盲目审批违规安全措施”以及“未组织开展有效安全教育培训”等因素，是我国装配式建筑项目的核心风险源。最后，本研究通过180个真实工程案例对所提出的风险因素与分析框架进行了验证，结果表明该框架兼具理论严谨性与实践可行性。此外，本研究还提出了多层次风险防控策略，包括引入基于人工智能的自动化风险监测系统、提升规范条文对技术迭代的适配性，以及培育项目利益共同体文化，以保障装配式建筑项目的安全实施。