WHO Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE): Wave 0, 2002-2004

The World Health Organization (WHO)'s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) is a longitudinal follow-up of a cohort of ageing and older adults. SAGE has been built on the experience and standardized instruments of WHO's 2000/2001 Multi-country Survey Study (MCSS) and the 2002/2004 World Health Surveys (WHS). These surveys focused on health and health-related outcomes and their determinants and impacts in nationally representative samples. These data aim to address data gaps on ageing, adult health and well-being in lower and middle income countries, whilst being comparable to surveys conducted in higher income countries (such as the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)). One of the major drivers of this effort has been the lack of comparability of self-reported health status in international health surveys due to systematic biases in reporting, despite using similar instruments and attempts at making questions conceptually equivalent in translation. SAGE uses standard instruments developed over the last decade, a common design and training approach with explicit strategies for making data comparable to cover a wide range of issues that directly and indirectly impact health and well-being. The survey methodology and research design has included a number of methods to address methods for detecting and correcting for systematic reporting biases in health interview surveys, including vignette methodologies, objective performance tests and biomarkers. A number of techniques have also been employed to improve data comparability, including using common definitions of concepts, common methods of data collection and translations, rigorous sample design and post hoc harmonization. The 2002-2004 WHS data from six countries (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa) constitute Wave 0 of WHO's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE). A sample of these respondents were included in the follow-up 2007-2010 SAGE Wave 1 in these six countries, with new respondents added to ensure a nationally representative sample.

世界卫生组织（World Health Organization, WHO）开展的全球老龄化与成人健康研究（Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health, SAGE）是一项针对老龄化人群及老年人队列的纵向随访研究。SAGE的构建借鉴了WHO 2000/2001年多国调查研究（Multi-country Survey Study, MCSS）及2002/2004年世界卫生调查（World Health Surveys, WHS）的经验与标准化工具。这些调查以具有全国代表性的样本为对象，聚焦于健康及健康相关结局，以及其影响因素与作用。这些数据旨在填补中低收入国家在老龄化、成人健康及福祉领域的数据空白，同时确保其与高收入国家开展的调查（如健康与退休研究（Health and Retirement Study, HRS）、英国老龄化纵向研究（English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, ELSA）及欧洲健康、老龄化与退休调查（Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, SHARE））具有可比性。尽管国际健康调查采用了相似的工具，并尝试通过翻译使问题在概念上保持一致，但由于报告中的系统性偏差，自我报告健康状况的可比性仍存在不足，这正是推动该研究开展的主要动因之一。SAGE采用了过去十年间开发的标准化工具、统一的设计与培训方法，并辅以明确策略确保数据可比性，以覆盖直接或间接影响健康与福祉的广泛议题。该调查的方法论与研究设计包含多种方法，用于识别和校正健康访谈调查中的系统性报告偏差，例如案例描述法（vignette methodologies）、客观表现测试及生物标志物。此外，研究还采用了多种技术以提升数据可比性，包括使用统一的概念定义、数据收集与翻译方法、严谨的样本设计及事后数据协调。来自六个国家（中国、加纳、印度、墨西哥、俄罗斯及南非）的2002-2004年WHS数据构成了WHO全球老龄化与成人健康研究（SAGE）的第0波数据。这些受访者中的一部分被纳入2007-2010年上述六国开展的SAGE第1波随访调查，同时新增了受访者以确保样本的全国代表性。