Median and mean of product and process behaviors.

Cultural translations of L1 and L2, in both directions, can indicate different behaviors of translators, influenced by the unique characteristics of each culture and the proficiency of the translator trainees’ bicultural competence. This study compares translator trainees’ behaviors when engaged in direct translation (L2 to L1) and inverse translation (L1 to L2) of cultural references to reveal the extent to which directionality influences trainees’ actual and perceived behaviors. Following a hypothesis-based observational design, the authors examine a single group’s behaviors under two conditions (direct translation and inverse translation), using Translog-II and a questionnaire. The data are analyzed quantitatively using the Wilcoxon test and descriptive statistics. The key findings indicate that inverse translation demands more cognitive effort than direct translation, particularly in online revision (n = 16, z = -3.206, p

第一语言（L1）与第二语言（L2）的双向文化翻译，能够反映译员的不同翻译行为，其行为表现受各自文化的独特特征以及译员学员的双文化能力熟练度影响。本研究针对文化负载指称的翻译任务，对比了译员学员在正向翻译（L2至L1）与反向翻译（L1至L2）场景下的行为表现，以揭示翻译方向在多大程度上影响学员的实际行为与主观感知行为。本研究采用基于研究假设的观察性设计，作者借助Translog-II软件与调查问卷，对同一组学员在两种翻译条件（正向翻译与反向翻译）下的行为表现进行考察。研究采用威尔科克森（Wilcoxon）检验与描述性统计方法对数据进行定量分析。核心研究结果表明，反向翻译相较于正向翻译需要更多的认知努力，尤其是在在线修订环节（n = 16, z = -3.206, p