Data Sheet 1_Gender and depression: dual pathways influencing adolescents' physical activity and psychological wellbeing.csv

ObjectivesThis study investigates the influence of gender and depression on physical activity (PA) and psychological wellbeing among adolescents in Shanghai.
MethodsA purposive offline survey conducted from June to December 2023 collected data from 416 participants (216 boys, 200 girls). This study employed SPSS software version 29 to conduct descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
ResultsThe findings revealed a significant gender difference in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), with boys reporting higher levels than girls (η2 = 0.05). However, gender did not significantly affect psychological variables, including academic self-efficacy (ASE), mindfulness (MD), emotional intelligence (EI), self-esteem (SE), and social support (SS). Depression levels had a significant impact on all psychological variables, with students experiencing low depression scoring higher on ASE, MD, EI, SE, and SS compared to those with high depression (η2 = 0.11–0.25). Conversely, depression levels did not significantly influence MVPA.
ConclusionsThese results emphasized the critical role of addressing depression to improve adolescents' psychological wellbeing while highlighting the need for gender-specific interventions to encourage physical activity (PA).

研究目的：本研究旨在探讨性别与抑郁对上海市青少年身体活动（Physical Activity, PA）及心理健康状况的影响。
研究方法：本研究于2023年6月至12月开展目的性线下调查，共收集416名青少年参与者的数据（其中男生216名，女生200名）。本研究使用SPSS 29.0软件进行描述性统计分析与多变量方差分析（Multivariate Analysis of Variance, MANOVA）。
研究结果：结果显示，青少年的中等至高强度身体活动（Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity, MVPA）存在显著性别差异，男生的活动水平显著高于女生（η²=0.05）。但性别对各项心理变量无显著影响，包括学业自我效能感（Academic Self-Efficacy, ASE）、正念（Mindfulness, MD）、情绪智力（Emotional Intelligence, EI）、自尊（Self-Esteem, SE）及社会支持（Social Support, SS）。抑郁水平对所有心理变量均存在显著影响：低抑郁水平学生在上述心理维度上的得分均显著高于高抑郁水平学生（η²=0.11~0.25）。与之相反，抑郁水平对中等至高强度身体活动无显著影响。
研究结论：本研究结果凸显了干预抑郁症状对提升青少年心理健康水平的关键作用，同时强调需制定性别特异性干预措施以鼓励青少年参与身体活动。