Standardized total effects derived from the Resource Abundance Model for both years.

Total effects were calculated by multiplying the standardized path coefficients on the single pathways between two variables and summing up those values for all possible pathways. Standardized total effects can range between −1 and 1. Effects are shown from the first row on second row. For an example on how effects were calculated see legend of Figure 2.Standardized total effects derived from the Resource Abundance Model for both years.

总效应的计算方式为：将两变量间各单路径的标准化路径系数相乘，再对所有可能路径的乘积求和。标准化总效应的取值范围介于-1至1之间。效应以第一行至第二行的形式呈现。关于效应计算的具体示例，请参见图2的图例。两年的标准化总效应均由资源丰度模型（Resource Abundance Model）推导得出。