TOP10 different pathways.

With the increasing incidence and mortality of chronic kidney disease (CKD), targeted therapies for CKD have been explored constantly. The important role of gut microbiota on CKD has been emphasized increasingly, it is necessary to analyze the metabolic mechanism of CKD patients from the perspective of gut microbiota. In this study, bioinformatics was used to analyze the changes of gut microbiota between CKD and healthy control (HC) groups using 315 samples from NCBI database. Diversity analysis showed significant changes in evenness compared to the HC group. PCoA analysis revealed significant differences between the two groups at phylum level. In addition, the F/B ratio was higher in CKD group than in HC group, suggesting the disorder of gut microbiota, imbalance of energy absorption and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in CKD group. The study found that compared with HC group, the abundance of bacteria associated with impaired kidney was increased in CKD group, such as Ralstonia and Porphyromonas, which were negatively associated with eGFR. PICRUSt2 was used to predict related functions and found that different pathways between the two groups were mainly related to metabolism, involving the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous substances, as well as Glycerophospholipid metabolism, which provided evidence for exploring the relationship between gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. Therefore, in subsequent studies, special attention should be paid to these bacteria and metabolic pathway, and animal experiments and metabolomics studies should be conducted explore the association between bacterial community and CKD, as well as the therapeutic effects of these microbial populations on CKD.

随着慢性肾脏病（CKD）的发病率与死亡率持续升高，针对CKD的靶向治疗研究不断推进。肠道菌群在CKD发生发展中的关键作用日益受到关注，因此从肠道菌群视角解析CKD患者的代谢机制具有重要意义。本研究依托美国国家生物技术信息中心（NCBI）数据库中的315份样本，采用生物信息学方法对比分析CKD组与健康对照（HC）组的肠道菌群差异。多样性分析结果显示，CKD组的菌群均匀度与健康对照组存在显著差异。主坐标分析（PCoA）表明，两组在菌群门水平上的结构存在显著区分。此外，CKD组的F/B比值显著高于健康对照组，提示该组存在肠道菌群失衡、能量吸收紊乱以及代谢综合征的发生。研究发现，相较于健康对照组，CKD组中与肾功能损伤相关的菌群丰度显著升高，例如罗尔斯通菌属（Ralstonia）和卟啉单胞菌属（Porphyromonas），且这些菌属与估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）呈负相关。本研究通过PICRUSt2预测菌群功能，发现两组间的差异通路主要与代谢过程相关，涵盖外源性与内源性物质代谢，以及甘油磷脂代谢，这为探究肠道菌群与脂质代谢的关联提供了实验依据。因此，在后续研究中应重点关注上述菌群及代谢通路，并开展动物实验与代谢组学研究，以阐明菌群群落与CKD的关联，以及这些微生物群落对CKD的治疗潜力。