Anatomy and evaluation of the optic nerve head

ABSTRACT Evaluation of the optic disc is important for the correct diagnosis and follow-up of optic neuropathies, especially glaucoma. The characteristics of the optic disc depend on various factors, including demographic and population aspects, and analysis of these characteristics may vary according to the methods used. The size and format of the neural rim along with the nerve fiber layer are important to the clinician’s judgment regarding the susceptibility of the subject to develop glaucoma. In this study, we reviewed the literature to summarize the main methods and its characteristics in the evaluation of the optic nerve head.

摘要：视盘（optic disc）评估对于视神经病变（尤其是青光眼）的准确诊断与随访监测至关重要。视盘的特征受多种因素影响，涵盖人口统计学与群体层面相关要素，且针对这些特征的分析结果会因所采用的评估方法不同而存在差异。神经盘缘（neural rim）的尺寸与形态，连同神经纤维层（nerve fiber layer），是临床医师判断受试者青光眼发病易感性的核心参考依据。本研究通过文献综述，总结了视神经乳头（optic nerve head）评估的主要方法及其特征。