Data_Sheet_2_Investigating the modulatory effects of Moringa oleifera on the gut microbiota of chicken model through metagenomic approach.xlsx

IntroductionThis study aimed to assess the effects of supplementing chicken feed with Moringa oleifera leaf powder, a phytobiotic, on the gastrointestinal microbiota. The objective was to examine the microbial changes induced by the supplementation.
MethodsA total of 40, one-day-old chickens were fed their basal diet for 42 days and then divided into two groups: SG1 (basal diet) and SG2 (basal diet + 10 g/kg Moringa oleifera leaf powder). Metagenomics analysis was conducted to analyze operational taxonomic units (OTUs), species annotation, and biodiversity. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed for molecular characterization of isolated gut bacteria, identified as Enterococcus faecium. The isolated bacteria were tested for essential metabolites, demonstrating antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.
Results and discussionThe analysis revealed variations in the microbial composition between the control group (SG1) and the M. oleifera-treated group (SG2). SG2 showed a 47% increase in Bacteroides and a 30% decrease in Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Tenericutes compared to SG1. TM7 bacteria were observed exclusively in the M. oleifera-treated group. These findings suggest that Moringa oleifera leaf powder acts as a modulator that enhances chicken gut microbiota, promoting the colonization of beneficial bacteria. PICRUSt analysis supported these findings, showing increased carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the M.oleifera-treated gut microbiota.
ConclusionThis study indicates that supplementing chicken feed with Moringa oleifera leaf powder as a phytobiotic enhances the gut microbiota in chicken models, potentially improving overall health. The observed changes in bacterial composition, increased presence of Bacteroides, and exclusive presence of TM7 bacteria suggest a positive modulation of microbial balance. The essential metabolites from isolated Enterococcus faecium bacteria further support the potential benefits of Moringa oleifera supplementation.

引言 本研究旨在探究植物源性益生剂辣木叶粉（Moringa oleifera leaf powder）添加至肉鸡日粮中对其胃肠道菌群的影响，核心目标为明确该添加方式所诱导的菌群变化。
方法 本实验选取40只1日龄肉鸡，先饲喂基础日粮42天，随后随机分为两组：SG1组（饲喂基础日粮）与SG2组（饲喂添加10g/kg辣木叶粉的基础日粮）。采用宏基因组学分析对操作分类单元（operational taxonomic units，OTUs）、物种注释及生物多样性进行检测；同时通过16S核糖体RNA（16S rRNA）测序对分离得到的屎肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium）进行分子生物学鉴定。此外，对分离菌株开展关键代谢产物检测，证实其具备抗菌、抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性。
结果与讨论 分析结果显示，对照组（SG1组）与辣木叶粉处理组（SG2组）的菌群组成存在显著差异。与SG1组相比，SG2组的拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）丰度提升47%，而厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）及柔膜菌门（Tenericutes）的丰度均下降30%。TM7菌门仅在辣木叶粉处理组中被检出。上述结果表明，辣木叶粉可作为肠道菌群调节剂，优化肉鸡肠道菌群定植环境，促进有益菌定殖。PICRUSt分析进一步验证了该结论，显示辣木叶粉处理后的肠道菌群的碳水化合物与脂质代谢水平显著提升。
结论 本研究证实，在肉鸡日粮中添加辣木叶粉这一植物源性益生剂，可改善肉鸡模型的肠道菌群结构，有望提升机体整体健康水平。实验观察到的菌群组成变化、拟杆菌属丰度增加以及TM7菌门的特异性存在，提示辣木叶粉可正向调节菌群平衡。从分离得到的屎肠球菌中获取的关键代谢产物，进一步佐证了辣木叶粉添加的潜在益处。