Table 1_Unveiling mycoviral diversity in Ophiocordyceps sinensis through transcriptome analyses.docx

Ophiocordyceps sinensis, an entomopathogenic fungus, infects larvae from the Lepidoptera: Hepialidae family, forming the valuable Chinese cordyceps. Mycoviruses are widespread across major lineages of filamentous fungi, oomycetes, and yeasts and have the potential to influence fungal biology and ecology. This study aimed to detect mycovirus within O. sinensis by isolating double-stranded RNA from six stains for transcriptomic sequencing and analyzing publicly available transcriptome data from 13 O. sinensis representative samples. Our analysis revealed 13 mycoviruses, with nine reported for the first time in O. sinensis. These mycoviruses are distributed across five families—Partitiviridae, Mitoviridae, Narnaviridae, Botourmiaviridae, Deltaflexiviridae—and two unclassified lineages, Ormycovirus and Vivivirus. This study also revealed frequent coinfections within individual O. sinensis strains and dynamic shifts in viral composition during fungal development. These findings enhance our knowledge of mycovirus diversity within O. sinensis and provide new insights into their taxonomy.

冬虫夏草菌（Ophiocordyceps sinensis）是一类虫生真菌，可感染鳞翅目蝙蝠蛾科（Lepidoptera: Hepialidae）幼虫，进而形成极具经济价值的冬虫夏草（Chinese cordyceps）。真菌病毒（mycovirus）广泛分布于丝状真菌、卵菌及酵母菌的主要类群中，对真菌的生物学特性与生态功能具有潜在调控作用。本研究旨在通过从6株菌株中分离双链RNA（double-stranded RNA）开展转录组测序，并分析13份冬虫夏草菌代表性样本的公开转录组数据，以检测其中的真菌病毒。分析结果共检出13株真菌病毒，其中9株为冬虫夏草菌中首次报道的新记录。这些真菌病毒分属于分体病毒科（Partitiviridae）、线粒体病毒科（Mitoviridae）、诺达病毒科（Narnaviridae）、布托病毒科（Botourmiaviridae）、Δ弯曲病毒科（Deltaflexiviridae）5个病毒科，以及奥米病毒类群（Ormycovirus）和维维病毒类群（Vivivirus）两个未分类类群。本研究同时发现，单株冬虫夏草菌菌株中频繁存在病毒共感染现象，且真菌发育过程中病毒组成会发生动态变化。本研究成果丰富了我们对冬虫夏草菌中真菌病毒多样性的认知，为其分类学研究提供了全新视角。