Research data from “From Natural Erosion to Artificial Filling to Secondary Gullying: A 56-Year Documentation of Landfill Failure on the Loess Plateau”

1. DSM for 2017, 2018, and 2023 Contains Digital Surface Model data from three periods obtained through drone photogrammetry. Used for monitoring the spatiotemporal evolution of landfill surface morphology, calculating elevation changes (DoD), erosion and deposition volumes, and extracting topographic profile data.2. Field Survey Photographs Contains field survey photographs from 2017 to 2023, documenting:· Landfill engineering implementation process (June 2017)· Early rill erosion characteristics (July 2018)· Drainage system siltation conditions (July 2018)· Morphological characteristics of newly formed gullies (March 2023)· Degree of drainage facility damage and threats to surrounding infrastructure3. InSAR Annual Deformation and Error-Related Files Contains SBAS-InSAR time series analysis results based on Sentinel-1A data:· Spatial distribution of annual displacement rates· Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) distribution· Interferometric coherence distribution· Cumulative deformation time series from 2018-2024· Multi-profile deformation data in subsidence funnel zones4. InSAR_NDWI_Moisture_Subsidence_Coupling Contains data analyzing the coupling relationship between surface deformation and moisture dynamics:· Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) time series based on Sentinel-2· Annual NDWI change trends· NDWI change trends during rainy seasons· Correlation analysis results between displacement rates and NDWI trends· Deformation-moisture coupling characteristics along 5 profile lines5. Maximum Flow Depth and Velocity Calculated by HEC-RAS Contains flood simulation results based on HEC-RAS 6.0 two-dimensional hydrodynamic model:· Maximum runoff depth distribution for extreme rainfall events in 2018 and 2023· Maximum flow velocity distribution (up to 2.63 m/s)· Flow velocity frequency distribution in four typical analysis areas· Flow velocity statistical parameters (minimum, quartiles, median, maximum)6. Profile Lines and Concentrated Runoff Erosion Points Contains:· Location and elevation data for six typical profile lines (A-A' to F-F')· Topographic evolution curves along profiles for 3 periods (2017, 2018, 2023)· Boundaries of Runoff Damage Areas (RDA) and Hidden Runoff Damage Areas (HRDA)· Precise location markers for road erosion points7. Vector Distance Files for Study Area and HEC-RAS Simulation Contains:· Vector boundary files for the study area extent· Vector data of gully head boundary evolution for 8 key periods from 1969-2025· HEC-RAS model computational grid and boundary condition setup files· Spatial distribution of land use types and Manning's roughness coefficients

1. 2017、2018与2023年数字地表模型（Digital Surface Model, DSM）数据集
包含通过无人机摄影测量获取的三个时期的数字地表模型数据，可用于监测填埋场地表形态的时空演化、计算高程变化（DoD）、冲淤量，并提取地形剖面数据。
2. 野外调查照片数据集
包含2017至2023年的野外调查照片，记录内容包括：
· 2017年6月填埋场工程实施过程
· 2018年7月初期细沟侵蚀特征
· 2018年7月排水系统淤积状况
· 2023年3月新生冲沟形态特征
· 排水设施损坏程度及对周边基础设施的威胁
3. InSAR年度形变与误差相关文件数据集
包含基于Sentinel-1A数据获取的短基线集合成孔径雷达干涉测量（SBAS-InSAR）时序分析结果，具体包括：
· 年度位移速率空间分布
· 均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error, RMSE）分布
· 干涉相干性分布
· 2018-2024年累积形变时序序列
· 沉降漏斗区多剖面形变数据
4. InSAR-NDWI-水分-沉降耦合数据集
包含用于分析地表形变与水分动力学耦合关系的数据集，具体包括：
· 基于Sentinel-2的归一化差异水体指数（Normalized Difference Water Index, NDWI）时序序列
· 年度NDWI变化趋势
· 雨季NDWI变化趋势
· 位移速率与NDWI趋势的相关性分析结果
· 5条剖面线的形变-水分耦合特征
5. HEC-RAS计算的最大流深与流速数据集
包含基于水文工程中心-河流分析系统（Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System, HEC-RAS）6.0二维水动力模型的洪水模拟结果，具体包括：
· 2018年与2023年极端降雨事件下的最大径流深分布
· 最大流速分布（最大可达2.63 m/s）
· 4个典型分析区的流速频率分布
· 流速统计参数（最小值、四分位数、中位数、最大值）
6. 剖面线与集中径流侵蚀点数据集
包含以下内容：
· 6条典型剖面线（A-A'至F-F'）的位置与高程数据
· 3个时期（2017、2018、2023）的剖面地形演化曲线
· 径流损伤区（Runoff Damage Area, RDA）与隐蔽径流损伤区（Hidden Runoff Damage Area, HRDA）的边界
· 道路侵蚀点的精准定位标记
7. 研究区矢量距离文件与HEC-RAS模拟数据集
包含以下内容：
· 研究区范围的矢量边界文件
· 1969-2025年8个关键时期的沟头边界演化矢量数据
· HEC-RAS模型计算网格与边界条件设置文件
· 土地利用类型与曼宁糙率系数的空间分布