Supplementary material

We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus supplementation on glycemic and lipid indices in overweight or obese adults. Nine eligible RCTs with 598 participants were included. We found that Lactobacillus supplementation significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD −5.27 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI] −8.28, −2.25; P=0.0006) and total cholesterol (MD −4.84 mg/dL; 95% CI −8.29, −1.39; P=0.006), particularly when taken in capsule, powder, or tablet form, for 12 weeks, as ≥1×1010 colony forming units/day, or as part of a normal diet. Benefits of Lactobacillus on fasting plasma glucose were seen after 12 weeks of supplementation (MD −1.81 mg/dL; 95% CI −3.08, −0.54; P=0.005) and on triglycerides when taking a normal diet (MD −14.14 mg/dL; 95% CI −24.38, −3.91; P=0.007). Lactobacillus had only a short-term beneficial effect on fasting plasma insulin and blood pressure and no significant beneficial effect on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

本研究开展荟萃分析（meta-analysis），以评估乳杆菌（Lactobacillus）补充剂对超重或肥胖成年人血糖与血脂指标的影响。最终纳入9项符合纳入标准的随机对照试验（Randomized Controlled Trial, RCT），共涉及598名受试者。研究结果显示，乳杆菌补充剂可显著降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol）水平，其均数差（Mean Difference, MD）为-5.27 mg/dL，95%置信区间（95% confidence interval, CI）为-8.28~-2.25，P=0.0006；同时可显著降低总胆固醇水平，MD=-4.84 mg/dL，95%CI=-8.29~-1.39，P=0.006。该改善效果在以胶囊、粉剂或片剂形式摄入、干预时长12周、每日剂量≥1×10^10菌落形成单位，或作为正常饮食组成部分时尤为显著。补充乳杆菌12周后，可改善受试者的空腹血糖（fasting plasma glucose）水平，MD=-1.81 mg/dL，95%CI=-3.08~-0.54，P=0.005；当受试者维持正常饮食时，乳杆菌补充剂还可降低甘油三酯（triglycerides）水平，MD=-14.14 mg/dL，95%CI=-24.38~-3.91，P=0.007。乳杆菌补充剂仅对空腹胰岛素（fasting plasma insulin）与血压存在短期有益作用，对高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol）则无显著改善效果。