Test results of ecotixicity of pesticides mixtures on soil invertebrates

<p>Lumbricidae (earthworms) and Collembola (springtails). The tested substances include fungicides (tebuconazole, azoxystrobin), herbicides (glyphosate, fluroxypyr), and insecticides (acetamiprid, pirimicarb). Twelve treatment variants were evaluated, reflecting real agricultural field conditions: six single-use applications (each substance separately), three two-component mixtures (pirimicarb &#43; glyphosate, acetamiprid &#43; tebuconazole, fluroxypyr &#43; azoxystrobin), two three-component mixtures (pirimicarb &#43; glyphosate &#43; tebuconazole, acetamiprid &#43; fluroxypyr &#43; azoxystrobin), and a water-treated control. All substances were incorporated into the soil at their maximum recommended field application rates. Four standardized ecotoxicological tests were conducted: an acute 14-day toxicity test on earthworms, an 8-week long-term reproduction and growth inhibition test on earthworms, a 4-week long-term reproduction inhibition test on Collembola, and a 14-day growth inhibition test on Collembola using a methodology developed by the authors. These tests assessed both acute (mortality) and sublethal (growth and reproduction inhibition) effects, with at least six replications per test. The experiments were conducted using the same uncontaminated natural soil with well-characterized physicochemical properties.</p>

正蚓科（Lumbricidae，蚯蚓）与弹尾纲（Collembola，跳虫）。受试物质涵盖杀菌剂（fungicides）：戊唑醇（tebuconazole）、嘧菌酯（azoxystrobin）；除草剂（herbicides）：草甘膦（glyphosate）、氟草烟（fluroxypyr）；以及杀虫剂（insecticides）：啶虫脒（acetamiprid）、抗蚜威（pirimicarb）。本次试验共设置12种处理方案，以模拟真实农田施用场景：6组单剂施用处理（即每种物质单独施用）、3组二元混合施用组（抗蚜威+草甘膦、啶虫脒+戊唑醇、氟草烟+嘧菌酯）、2组三元混合施用组（抗蚜威+草甘膦+戊唑醇、啶虫脒+氟草烟+嘧菌酯），以及1组清水对照（水处理对照组）。所有受试物质均按照田间最大推荐施用剂量混入土壤基质中。本次研究开展了4项标准化生态毒理学试验：针对蚯蚓的14天急性毒性试验、针对蚯蚓的8周长期繁殖与生长抑制试验、针对跳虫的4周长期繁殖抑制试验，以及采用本研究团队自主开发方法的针对跳虫的14天生长抑制试验。上述试验同步评估了急性毒性效应（死亡率）与亚致死毒性效应（生长及繁殖抑制），每项试验至少设置6次生物学重复。本实验全程采用理化性质已明确表征的同一份未受污染天然土壤作为试验基质。