Cultivation of strawberry in substrate: Productivity and fruit quality are affected by the cultivar origin and substrates

ABSTRACT The production and quality of strawberries may vary according to cultivar, transplant origin, and the system of plant cultivation. The objective was to evaluate the effect of different organic substrates and different transplant origins on strawberry production and fruit quality. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with a 2x2x4 factorial scheme using two cultivars (Albion and Camarosa) obtained from different origins (National-Brazilian and Imported-Argentine) and four combinations of substrates: (crushed sugarcane bagasse [70%] + organic compost [30%], crushed sugarcane bagasse [70%] + Carolina® commercial substrate [30%], burnt rice husks [70%] + organic compost [30%], and burnt rice husks [70%] + Carolina® commercial substrate [30%]). The experimental unit was composed of eight plants, with repetition in four blocks. The quality parameters of titrable total acidity, total soluble solids, ratio of sugar / acidity, firmness, and pulp coloration (chroma, hue angle, and L*, a* and b*) were evaluated, as were the production parameters of total number of fruits, total fruit production, average fruit mass, non-commercial fruit production, commercial fruit production and total productivity. The substrate influences the strawberry production variables. Fruit yield was highest in the Camarosa cultivar grown on the S3 substrate mixture. The cultivar, the transplant origin and the cultivation substrate influence fruit AT. SST and AT / SST are influenced only by cultivar and transplant origin. Chroma differs between plants with different transplant origins. Camarosa of National origin cultivated in burnt rice husks + organic compost presented the best production results and fruit quality.

摘要 草莓的产量与品质会因品种、种苗来源以及植株栽培体系的不同而存在差异。本研究旨在探究不同有机基质与不同种苗来源对草莓产量及果实品质的影响。本试验采用完全随机区组设计，设置2×2×4因子试验方案，供试品种为2个（阿尔比翁（Albion）与卡玛罗莎（Camarosa）），种苗来源分为两类（巴西本土种苗与阿根廷进口种苗），基质组合共4种：（碎甘蔗渣[70%]+有机堆肥[30%]、碎甘蔗渣[70%]+Carolina®商品基质[30%]、炭化稻壳[70%]+有机堆肥[30%]、炭化稻壳[70%]+Carolina®商品基质[30%]）。每试验单元包含8株植株，设置4次重复区组。本试验测定的品质指标包括总可滴定酸度、总可溶性固形物、糖酸比、果实硬度以及果肉色泽（彩度、色相角以及L*、a*、b*值）；产量指标则包括果实总数量、总果实产量、平均单果质量、非商品果产量、商品果产量以及总产能。研究结果表明，基质对草莓产量相关性状存在显著影响。采用S3基质组合栽培的卡玛罗莎品种，果实产量最高。品种、种苗来源与栽培基质均会对果实总可滴定酸度产生影响；而总可溶性固形物以及糖酸比仅受品种与种苗来源的影响。果肉彩度因种苗来源不同而存在显著差异。采用巴西本土种苗培育的卡玛罗莎品种，在炭化稻壳+有机堆肥基质中栽培时，可获得最佳的产量表现与果实品质。