Extended PICO for this review.

In recent years, virtual reality (VR) technology has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of therapeutic landscapes. For hospitalized patients or individuals with limited mobility, VR provides highly personalized therapy by simulating authentic natural environments within a safe, convenient, and engaging setting. This study investigated the effectiveness of immersing patients in virtual natural environments for health recovery and compared the varying impacts of different types of landscapes on patients’ recovery levels. The aim was to complement traditional medical approaches and enhance environmental design in the field of public health. Researchers systematically reviewed databases (January 2018 to August 2, 2023) to identify randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of virtual nature immersion with other treatments. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were established based on the population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, study design, and other aspects (expanded PICO) framework. The Cochrane tool was employed to assess the risk of bias. Meta-analysis was conducted by pooling the mean differences with a 95% confidence interval. Among 30 trials, a total of 2123 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 15 studies included in the meta-analysis. 30 trials met the criteria. Results show significant improvements in pain, anxiety, fear, and some physiological indicators with virtual nature-based treatments. On the other hand, natural scenes incorporating blue and green elements have been applied more extensively and have shown more significant effects. In comparison to conventional methods, this study strongly advocates that virtual reality environments are a crucial tool in bridging the gap between patients and nature, demonstrating their potential to reshape medical interventions and improve environmental design in the field of public health.

近年来，虚拟现实（Virtual Reality, VR）技术已成为治疗性景观领域的有力工具。对于住院患者或行动受限人群而言，虚拟现实可通过在安全、便捷且富有沉浸感的环境中模拟真实自然场景，为其提供高度个性化的治疗方案。本研究探究了让患者沉浸于虚拟自然环境对健康康复的有效性，并对比了不同类型景观对患者康复水平的差异化影响，旨在补充传统医疗手段，优化公共卫生领域的环境设计。研究人员系统检索了2018年1月至2023年8月2日期间的数据库，以筛选对比虚拟自然沉浸疗法与其他治疗手段疗效的随机对照试验。纳入/排除标准基于人群、干预措施、对照、结局指标、研究设计等维度（扩展PICO框架）制定，并采用科克伦工具评估偏倚风险。本研究通过合并均差与95%置信区间开展元分析。在30项符合标准的试验中，共计2123名患者满足纳入标准，其中15项研究被纳入元分析。结果显示，基于虚拟自然的疗法可显著改善患者的疼痛、焦虑、恐惧情绪及部分生理指标；另一方面，融入蓝绿元素的自然场景应用更为广泛，且疗效更为显著。相较于传统疗法，本研究强力支持虚拟现实环境作为连接患者与自然的关键工具，展现出其重塑医疗干预模式、优化公共卫生领域环境设计的潜力。