COMPOSITION, MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION PROCEDURES FOR COMPOST, VERMICOMPOST AND VERMIWASH IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC CROP PRODUCTION

Modern horticulture as well as agriculture involves usage of pesticides and chemical fertilizers with an Essence of increasing the worlds food production. But they also cause several health hazard, Researchers have found and suggested bio-fertilizers as an excellent alternative to chemical fertilizers.Vermicompost is considered as a high nutrient bio-fertilizer with diverse microbial communities. It plays a vital role in improving growth and yield of different field crops, vegetables, and flower and fruit crops. Vermiwash is rich in enzymes, plant growth hormones, and vitamins along with micro- and macro-nutrients. Vermicompost maintains the soil in a proper homeostatic state. Organic farming does not allow the use of synthetic chemical fertilizer, antibiotic, herbicides or pesticides. Thus the objective of organic farming is agriculture production of fibers, grains, vegetables, flowers, fruits, foods, and animal products such as milk, egg, and meat is the best natural way. Organic farming is a specific type of farming where no chemicals were added to the soil unless they are natural. The farmer must grow their crops naturally. India ranks 33 in world in terms of area under organic farming.

现代园艺与农业生产均会使用农药（pesticides）与化学肥料（chemical fertilizers），其核心目标在于提升全球粮食总产量。但此类农用化学品亦会引发诸多健康风险，为此研究者提出生物肥料（bio-fertilizer）作为化学肥料的优质替代方案。蚯蚓粪（Vermicompost）被视为高营养生物肥料，拥有多样的微生物群落，在促进各类大田作物、蔬菜、花卉与果树的生长及增产方面发挥关键作用。蚯蚓淋洗液（Vermiwash）富含酶类、植物生长激素、维生素以及微量与大量营养元素。蚯蚓粪可使土壤维持良好的稳态平衡。有机农业（Organic farming）禁止使用合成化学肥料、抗生素、除草剂与农药，其以生产纤维、谷物、蔬菜、花卉、果品、食品以及牛奶、禽蛋、肉类等动物源产品为目标，是最为优质的自然农业生产模式。有机农业是一类特殊的农业生产模式，仅允许向土壤投入天然物质，农户需以自然方式种植作物。就有机农业种植面积而言，印度位列全球第33位。