Data Sheet 1_Zinc oxide nanoparticles improve lactation and metabolism in dairy goats by modulating the rumen microbiota.zip

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on lactation, rumen microbiota, and metabolomics in dairy goats. Twenty Guanzhong dairy goats, with comparable milk yields and in the mid-lactation stage, were randomly divided into two groups, with 10 goats in each group. The control group was fed a standard diet, while the ZnONP group received the control diet plus 30 mg ZnONPs/kg DM. The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days, followed by a trial period of 30 days. The results showed that the addition of ZnONPs increased the milk yield and milk fat content (p < 0.05). The results of rumen microbial sequencing showed that the Chao1, Observed species, and PD_whole_tree indices of the ZnONP group were higher than those of the control group. The addition of ZnONPs altered the composition of the rumen microbiota, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Prevotella and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group) and decreasing the abundance of the harmful bacterium Sediminispirochaeta. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis identified a total of 261 differential metabolites between the two groups, indicating changes in rumen metabolism. Further correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between beneficial bacteria (Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group and Anaeroplasma) and metabolites such as nicotinamide riboside, inosine, and guanosine (p < 0.05). In addition, a positive correlation was observed between milk yield and beneficial bacteria (RF39 and Clostridia vadinBB60 group), as well as between milk fat content and Quinella (p < 0.05). In summary, ZnONP supplementation can improve the structure of the rumen microbiota in dairy goats, positively influencing milk yield, milk composition, and metabolism.

本研究旨在探讨日粮添加纳米氧化锌（zinc oxide nanoparticles, ZnONPs）对奶山羊泌乳性能、瘤胃微生物组及代谢组的影响。选取20只产奶量相近、处于泌乳中期的关中奶山羊，随机分为两组，每组10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮，纳米氧化锌组则在基础日粮基础上添加30 mg ZnONPs/kg干物质（DM）。预试期为7天，正式试验期为30天。结果显示，添加纳米氧化锌可提高奶山羊的产奶量与乳脂含量（p < 0.05）。瘤胃微生物测序结果表明，纳米氧化锌组的Chao1指数、Observed species指数及PD_whole_tree指数均高于对照组。纳米氧化锌的添加改变了瘤胃微生物群落组成，提升了有益菌普雷沃氏菌属（Prevotella）及Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group的丰度，降低了有害菌Sediminispirochaeta的丰度。非靶向代谢组学分析共鉴定出两组间261种差异代谢物，提示瘤胃代谢发生了显著改变。进一步相关性分析显示，有益菌Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group与厌氧原体属（Anaeroplasma）分别与烟酰胺核苷、肌苷、鸟苷等代谢物呈正相关（p < 0.05）。此外，产奶量与有益菌RF39及Clostridia vadinBB60 group呈正相关，乳脂含量与Quinella呈正相关（p < 0.05）。综上，日粮添加纳米氧化锌可改善奶山羊瘤胃微生物群落结构，对产奶量、乳成分及代谢均产生积极影响。