Data for: The expression of obligation in student academic writing

The data in the attached Excel file contains 100-line samples of concordances for 8 different forms which are used to express obligation. The lines were retrieved from the British Academic Written English (BAWE) corpus using the random sample function on the Sketch Engine interface. The sorting was carried out in 2 steps. Firstly, each line was read to see if it expressed obligation or not. Then, those lines classified as expressing obligation were categorised according to a four-way functional categorisation based on Hyland (2002), according to whether they expressed RW (real world), RF (research focus), CR (cognitive rhetorical) or CE (cognitive emphatic) meanings.

所附Excel文件中的数据包含8种义务表达句式的100行共现索引（concordance）样本。该批索引行通过Sketch Engine界面的随机抽样功能，从英国学术书面语语料库（British Academic Written English, BAWE）中抽取得到。整体筛选与分类工作分为两个步骤：首先，逐行甄别语句是否表达义务语义；其次，基于海兰（Hyland, 2002）提出的四分功能分类体系，将被判定为表达义务语义的索引行按语义内涵划分为四类，分别对应RW（real world，现实世界义）、RF（research focus，研究焦点义）、CR（cognitive rhetorical，认知修辞义）以及CE（cognitive emphatic，认知强调义）