Sociodemographic and psychological variables, physical activity and quality of life in elderly at Unati Campinas, São Paulo

Abstract Introduction: Although previous studies have characterized the sociodemographic profile and physical activity level of older people at the Universities of the Third Age (Unati - Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade), there are research gaps regarding the relationship of these variables with the psychological aspects and the quality of life. Objective: To assess the relationship between sociodemographic and psychological variables, physical activity level and quality of life (QoL) in older people at Unati in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Method: This is a cross-sectional study that recruited 116 older participants of both gender, aged between 60 and 89 years. They were submitted to the following tests: the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Wagnild & Young’s Resilience Scale (RS), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), the WHOQOL BREF, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ20) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, chi-squared, Fisher’s exact, t- and Mann-Whitney U tests, as well as the generalized linear models. Results: Self-esteem was associated with age, income, schooling level, membership time, and the psychological domain of the WHOQOL-BREF (p < 0.05). Resilience was associated with the schooling level and the psychological domain of the WHOQOL-BREF (p < 0.05), and the self-efficacy with the psychological domain of the WHOQOL-BREF. Common mental disorders were related to the physical and psychological domains of the WHOQOL-BREF, as well as the self-efficacy and being male. The physical activity level showed no correlation with the psychological aspects and the sociodemographic variables studied (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The sociodemographic variables influence emotional aspects, particularly older people’s self-esteem and resilience at Unati. Additionally, the psychological domain of the WHOQOL-BREF was a predictor of all the emotional variables in this sample.

引言与研究背景：尽管既往研究已对第三年龄开放大学（Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade，简称Unati）的老年群体社会人口学特征与体力活动水平进行了刻画，但针对上述变量与心理特征及生活质量（Quality of Life，QoL）之间关联的研究仍存在空白。
研究目的：评估巴西圣保罗州坎皮纳斯市第三年龄开放大学老年群体的社会人口学与心理变量、体力活动水平及生活质量之间的关联。
研究方法：本研究为横断面研究，共招募116名年龄介于60至89岁的男女老年参与者。所有参与者均接受以下测评：罗森伯格自尊量表（Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale，RSES）、瓦格尼尔德-杨韧性量表（Wagnild & Young’s Resilience Scale，RS）、一般自我效能感量表（General Self-Efficacy Scale，GSE）、世界卫生组织生活质量量表简版（WHOQOL-BREF）、简易精神状态检查量表（Mini-Mental State Examination，MMSE）、自我报告问卷（Self-Reporting Questionnaire，SRQ20）以及国际体力活动问卷（International Physical Activity Questionnaire，IPAQ）。数据采用科尔莫戈罗夫-斯米尔诺夫检验、卡方检验、费希尔精确检验、t检验、曼-惠特尼U检验以及广义线性模型进行分析。
研究结果：自尊水平与年龄、收入、受教育程度、入会时长及WHOQOL-BREF的心理领域得分存在显著关联（p < 0.05）。韧性水平与受教育程度及WHOQOL-BREF的心理领域得分存在显著关联（p < 0.05）；一般自我效能感则与WHOQOL-BREF的心理领域得分相关。常见精神障碍与WHOQOL-BREF的生理及心理领域得分、一般自我效能感及男性性别存在关联。体力活动水平与本次研究涉及的心理特征及社会人口学变量均无显著相关性（p > 0.05）。
研究结论：社会人口学变量会影响情绪特征，尤其是第三年龄开放大学老年群体的自尊水平与韧性。此外，WHOQOL-BREF的心理领域得分可预测本研究样本中所有情绪变量的变化。