New type of progressive provisioning as a characteristic parental behaviour of the crabronid wasp <i>Pemphredon fabricii</i> (Hymenoptera Crabronidae)

Bees and stinging wasps (Hymenoptera Aculeata) are well known for the great variety of their nesting resources, which include cavities such as empty reed galls. The majority of the species are mass provisioners, and they do not take any care of their brood after provisioning of the nest. <i>Pemphredon fabricii</i> (Crabronidae) nests in abandoned reed galls of <i>Lipara</i> (Diptera Chloropidae) frit flies. However, <i>P. fabricii</i> uses a different type of late progressive provisioning, described here. Nesting females do not make separate chambers for larvae, but instead fill the interior space of the gall with paralysed aphids and lay a single egg at the body surface of one to eight aphids out of the total number of aphids provisioned. Larvae are polyphagous, and are provisioned with at least 21 aphid species. <i>Hyalopterus pruni</i> is the most common prey, since it feeds on common reed in summer. Before pupation, the larvae sort in the cavity from the biggest (turning to females) at the base to the smallest (turning to males) at the apex. In about 20% of nests, the nesting female brings fresh aphids to feed the smallest larvae at the apex of the nest, while the bigger larvae at the bottom reach maturity much earlier. Similar care for larvae at the end of their development has never been reported in any other insect species. Nests of <i>P. fabricii</i> are commonly attacked by two predator beetle and 14 parasitoid species. All these parasites are generalists, and <i>P. fabricii</i> serves as their satellite host.

膜翅目针尾部（Hymenoptera Aculeata）的蜜蜂与螫蜂，以其丰富多样的筑巢资源而广为人知，此类资源包含空芦苇虫瘿（reed gall）等穴状筑巢位点。该类群的绝大多数物种为批量供食者（mass provisioners），在完成巢穴的育幼食物供给后，便不再对幼虫子代进行任何照料。<i>Pemphredon fabricii</i>（方头泥蜂科Crabronidae）会在<i>Lipara</i>属（双翅目Diptera 秆蝇科Chloropidae）物种的废弃芦苇虫瘿内筑巢。但本研究记述的<i>P. fabricii</i>采用一种特殊的延迟渐进式供食策略：筑巢的雌蜂不会为幼虫构筑独立的虫室，而是将麻痹后的蚜虫填满虫瘿内腔，并在总供食蚜虫群中的1至8头蚜虫体表产下单枚卵。该蜂幼虫为多食性，其猎物涵盖至少21种蚜虫。<i>Hyalopterus pruni</i>（梅大尾蚜）是其最主要的猎物，该蚜虫夏季以普通芦苇为寄主。化蛹前，幼虫会在虫瘿内腔中按体型排布：位于基部的个体体型最大（将发育为雌蜂），而位于顶端的个体体型最小（将发育为雄蜂）。约20%的巢穴中，筑巢雌蜂会额外携带新鲜蚜虫，用于饲喂位于巢穴顶端的小型幼虫；而位于巢穴底部的大型幼虫则可提前完成发育。目前尚无其他昆虫物种被报道存在此类针对发育晚期幼虫的抚育行为。<i>P. fabricii</i>的巢穴通常会遭受2种捕食性甲虫与14种寄生性天敌（parasitoid）的侵袭。所有这些寄生生物均为泛化型物种，而<i>P. fabricii</i>可作为它们的卫星寄主（satellite host）。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集研究了蟹蜂科黄蜂Pemphredon fabricii的一种新型渐进式供应亲代行为，揭示其利用废弃芦苇瘿筑巢，通过瘫痪蚜虫供应幼虫，并在部分巢穴中为最小幼虫提供额外食物，这种照顾行为在昆虫中首次报道。数据集还包括黄蜂的生态互动，如捕食者和寄生者攻击，以及幼虫的多食性特征。