National Incident-Based Reporting System, 2008

The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is a part of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR), administered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). In the late 1970s, the law enforcement community called for a thorough evaluative study of the UCR with the objective of recommending an expanded and enhanced UCR program to meet law enforcement needs into the 21st century. The FBI fully concurred with the need for an updated program to meet contemporary needs and provided its support, formulating a comprehensive redesign effort. Following a multiyear study, a "Blueprint for the Future of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program" was developed. Using the "Blueprint," and in consultation with local and state law enforcement executives, the FBI formulated new guidelines for the Uniform Crime Reports. The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) was implemented to meet these guidelines. NIBRS data are archived at ICPSR as 13 separate data files per year, which may be merged by using linkage variables. The data focus on a variety of aspects of a crime incident. Part 4, Administrative Segment, offers data on the incident, itself (date and time). Each crime incident is delineated by one administrative segment record. Also provided are Part 5, Offense Segment (offense type, location, weapon use, and bias motivation), Part 6, Property Segment (type of property loss, property description, property value, drug type and quantity), Part 7, Victim Segment (age, sex, race, ethnicity, and injuries), Part 8, Offender Segment (age, sex, and race), and Part 9, Arrestee Segment (arrest date, age, sex, race, and weapon use). The Batch Header Segment (Parts 1-3) separates and identifies individual police agencies by Originating Agency Identifier (ORI). Batch Header information, which is contained on three records for each ORI, includes agency name, geographic location, and population of the area. Part 10, Group B Arrest Report Segment, includes arrestee data for Group B crimes. Window Segments files (Parts 11-13) pertain to incidents for which the complete Group A Incident Report was not submitted to the FBI. In general, a Window Segment record will be generated if the incident occurred prior to January 1 of the previous year or if the incident occurred prior to when the agency started NIBRS reporting. As with the UCR, participation in NIBRS is voluntary on the part of law enforcement agencies. The data are not a representative sample of crime in the United States.

国家基于事件报告系统（National Incident-Based Reporting System, NIBRS）是统一犯罪报告计划（Uniform Crime Reporting Program, UCR）的组成部分，由美国联邦调查局（Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI）负责管理。20世纪70年代末，美国执法界呼吁对UCR开展全面评估研究，旨在提出扩容升级后的UCR计划，以适配21世纪的执法需求。联邦调查局完全认同更新计划以满足当代执法需求的必要性，并提供支持，推进全面重新设计工作。历经多年研究，《统一犯罪报告计划未来蓝图》（Blueprint for the Future of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program）正式制定完成。依托该蓝图，并与地方及州级执法高管磋商后，联邦调查局为统一犯罪报告制定了全新指南，国家基于事件报告系统（NIBRS）正是为契合这些指南而推出的。

NIBRS数据每年以13个独立数据文件的形式存档于跨部门政治与社会研究联合会（Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, ICPSR），可通过关联变量实现多文件合并。该数据聚焦犯罪事件的多维度特征：第4部分「行政段（Administrative Segment）」提供事件本身的相关数据（包括案发日期与时间），每一起犯罪事件均由一条行政段记录进行界定。此外还包含以下多个数据部分：第5部分「犯罪段（Offense Segment）」，涵盖犯罪类型、案发地点、武器使用及偏见动机等信息；第6部分「财产段（Property Segment）」，涵盖财产损失类型、财产描述、财产价值、毒品类型与数量等信息；第7部分「受害者段（Victim Segment）」，涵盖受害者年龄、性别、种族、族裔及受伤情况等信息；第8部分「犯罪者段（Offender Segment）」，涵盖犯罪者年龄、性别及种族等信息；第9部分「被捕者段（Arrestee Segment）」，涵盖被捕日期、年龄、性别、种族及武器使用等信息。

「批次标头段（Batch Header Segment，第1-3部分）」通过「发起机构标识符（Originating Agency Identifier, ORI）」对各独立警务机构进行区分与标识。每个ORI对应的批次标头信息包含三条记录，涵盖机构名称、地理位置及所辖区域人口规模。第10部分「B类逮捕报告段（Group B Arrest Report Segment）」涵盖B类犯罪的被捕者数据。「窗口段文件（Window Segments Files，第11-13部分）」对应未向联邦调查局提交完整A类事件报告的犯罪事件。通常而言，若犯罪事件发生在上一年1月1日之前，或该机构启动NIBRS报告之前发生，则会生成一条窗口段记录。

与UCR一致，执法机构参与NIBRS均为自愿行为，该数据并非美国犯罪情况的代表性样本。