A Multimodal Neuroimaging Dataset on Long-Term Cognitive Training in School Children

This dataset investigates the impact of long-term abacus-based mental calculation (AMC) training on brain structure, function, and cognitive development in children. Participants (N = 99) were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 53), which underwent five years of AMC training, or a control group (n = 46) that did not receive additional training. Neuroimaging data, including resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and T1-weighted structural MRI, were acquired after the first year of training (Grade 2). Behavioral data, specifically annual assessments of mathematical abilities, were collected longitudinally from Grade 2 to Grade 5. This dataset provides a valuable resource for examining how cognitive training shapes neural development and cognitive performance during childhood.

本数据集旨在探究长期基于算盘的珠心算（abacus-based mental calculation, AMC）训练对儿童大脑结构、功能及认知发展的影响。研究共纳入99名参与者（N=99），他们被随机分配至实验组（n=53）或对照组（n=46）；实验组接受为期五年的AMC训练，对照组则不接受额外训练。神经影像学数据（包括静息态功能磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）和T1加权结构磁共振成像）于训练第一年后（二年级）采集。行为学数据（尤其是数学能力年度评估结果）从二年级至五年级进行纵向采集。本数据集为探究认知训练如何塑造儿童期神经发育与认知表现提供了宝贵资源。