Horizontal gene transfer of acetyltransferases, invertases and chorismate mutases from different bacteria to diverse recipients

Background: Hoplolaimina plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) are a lineage of animals with many documented cases of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). In a recent study, we reported on three likely HGT candidate genes in the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines, all of which encode secreted candidate effectors with putative functions in the host plant. Hg-GLAND1 is a putative GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT), Hg-GLAND13 is a putative invertase (INV), and Hg-GLAND16 is a putative chorismate mutase (CM), and blastp searches of the non-redundant database resulted in highest similarity to bacterial sequences. Here, we searched nematode and non-nematode sequence databases to identify all the nematodes possible that contain these three genes, and to formulate hypotheses about when they most likely appeared in the phylum Nematoda. We then performed phylogenetic analyses combined with model selection tests of alternative models of sequence evolution to determine whether these genes were ho...

背景：纽带亚目（Hoplolaimina）植物寄生线虫（Plant-parasitic nematodes, PPN）是一类存在大量水平基因转移（Horizontal Gene Transfer, HGT）记录的动物类群。在近期一项研究中，我们报道了大豆胞囊线虫（Heterodera glycines）中的三个潜在HGT候选基因，它们均编码分泌型候选效应因子，且推测在宿主植物中具有特定功能。Hg-GLAND1为潜在的GCN5相关N-乙酰转移酶（GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase, GNAT），Hg-GLAND13为潜在的转化酶（invertase, INV），Hg-GLAND16为潜在的分支酸变位酶（chorismate mutase, CM）；通过非冗余数据库的蛋白质基本局部比对搜索工具（Basic Local Alignment Search Tool for Proteins, blastp）分析发现，这些基因与细菌序列的相似度最高。在此，我们检索了线虫及非线虫序列数据库，以确定所有可能包含这三个基因的线虫种类，并提出关于这些基因最可能何时出现于线虫门的假说。随后，我们结合序列进化替代模型的模型选择测试开展系统发育分析，旨在明确这些基因是否为同源