Table 1_Bioactive compounds in extracts from short rotation willow shoots known as pharmaceuticals and experimental demonstration of biostimulation of maize plants by these chemical complexes.docx

Extracts from willow bark or leaves were shown to contain effective plant biostimulants and pharmaceutical compounds. Considering the limitation in the use of bark raw materials on large scale, here we analyzed the stimulatory effects of extracts from various organs of willow (Salix viminalis L) plants grown as short rotation shrub willow. Metabolomic analysis of water extracts from different organs (leaves, meristems, stems) of two triploid genotypes (Rába and Maros) revealed presence of bioactive compounds. Quantity of phenylpropanoids, flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins, aminobenzoate degradants, plant hormones and stylbenes varied between organs and genotypes. Several of these bioactive compounds are known as pharmaceuticals. Here we carried out phytostimulatory tests by using various extracts for seed priming and foliar spraying of maize plants in greenhouse and field experiments. Both the digital imagining of maize plants and measurements of the plant height showed variable stimulation of growth. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters indicated improved photosynthetic performance. Increased seed weight/ear and 1000 seed weight (17%) were detected after foliar spraying. The present study supports the extended application of bioactive phytocompounds by offering a novel raw material, the short rotation willow shoots as sources of bioactive compounds for use in agricultural practice and pharmaceutical industry.

研究表明，柳树树皮或叶片提取物中含有有效的植物生物刺激剂（plant biostimulants）与药用化合物。鉴于树皮原料规模化应用存在局限，本研究针对以短轮伐方式栽培的灌木柳（Salix viminalis L.）不同器官提取物的促生效应展开分析。对两个三倍体基因型（Rába与Maros）的不同器官（叶片、分生组织、茎秆）的水提取物开展代谢组学分析（metabolomic analysis），结果显示其中存在生物活性化合物。苯丙烷类、黄酮类、黄酮醇类、花青素类、氨基苯甲酸降解产物、植物激素以及芪类物质（stylbenes）的含量在不同器官与基因型间存在差异。其中多种生物活性化合物已被证实可作为药用成分。本研究通过温室与田间试验，采用不同提取物对玉米种子开展种子引发（seed priming）处理，并对玉米植株进行叶面喷施，以此完成植物刺激活性测试。对玉米植株的数字成像与株高测量结果均显示，植株生长得到了不同程度的促生效果。叶绿素荧光参数表明植株的光合性能得到提升。叶面喷施处理后，检测到单穗籽粒重量与千粒重均有所提升，其中千粒重增幅达17%。本研究提供了一种新型原料——短轮伐灌木柳嫩枝，可作为生物活性化合物的来源，从而为生物活性植物复合物在农业生产与制药工业中的拓展应用提供了支撑。