Health production efficiency indicators.

Urbanization leads to dramatic changes in habitat quality, which significantly affects population health. Research on the coupling coordination relationship between new urbanization and health production efficiency is conducive to improving residents’ well-being and urban sustainable development. In this article, we adopted the super-efficient SBM model and entropy value method separately to evaluate the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of health production efficiency and new urbanization in China. Then, we used the coupling coordination degree model to investigate the interactive coercing relationship between new urbanization and health production efficiency. Finally, the panel Tobit model is used to analyze the factors influencing the coupled coordination of the two systems. The results showed that the new urbanization levels of 31 provinces in China have all steadily increased from 2003 to 2018. Health production efficiency exhibited a fluctuating but increasing trend, and its regional differences are gradually narrowing. Health production efficiency and new urbanization have developed in a more coordinated direction, with a spatial pattern of "high in the southeast and low in the northwest." Meanwhile, the relative development characteristics between the two systems have constantly changed, from the new urbanization lagged type to the two systems synchronized type and the health production efficiency lagged type. Population density, economic development level, government financial investment, and government health investment positively impact the coupling coordination degree of the two systems. In comparison, individual health investment harms the harmonization of the two systems.

城市化会引发人居环境质量的剧烈变化，进而对人口健康产生显著影响。针对新型城镇化（new urbanization）与健康生产效率（health production efficiency）之间的耦合协调关系开展研究，有助于提升居民福祉、推动城市可持续发展。本文分别采用超效率SBM模型（super-efficient SBM model）与熵值法（entropy value method），对中国健康生产效率与新型城镇化的时空分异特征进行评估。随后借助耦合协调度模型（coupling coordination degree model），探究二者之间的互动胁迫关系。最后运用面板Tobit模型（panel Tobit model），分析两大系统耦合协调的影响因素。研究结果显示，2003至2018年间，中国31个省份的新型城镇化水平均实现稳步提升；健康生产效率呈现波动上升态势，区域差异正逐步缩小。健康生产效率与新型城镇化的协调发展水平持续向好，空间格局呈现"东南高、西北低"的分布特征。与此同时，两大系统的相对发展状态不断演变，先后经历了新型城镇化滞后型、两系统同步型，最终转变为健康生产效率滞后型。人口密度、经济发展水平、政府财政投入与政府卫生投入对两大系统的耦合协调度具有正向影响；而个人健康投入则对二者的协调发展产生负向作用。