Association between low bone mass and calcium and caffeine intake among perimenopausal women in Southern Brazil: cross-sectional study

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Osteoporosis is a skeletal abnormality characterized by reduction and alteration of bone microarchitecture that results in increased fragility and greater predisposition to fractures. Age and low bone mass are the main non-modifiable risk factors for osteoporotic fractures. The modifiable factors include sedentary lifestyle, inadequate calcium intake, excessive alcohol and/or caffeine consumption, smoking and low body weight. The aim here was to evaluate the association between low bone mass and calcium and caffeine intake among perimenopausal women in Southern Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in Porto Alegre and Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: Women (n = 155) of mean age 53.6 ± 9.5 years were evaluated through a cross-sectional study in Southern Brazil. Food frequency questionnaires, bone mass evaluation using calcaneal ultrasound and anthropometric assessment were used. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight was 67.7%. In the bone mass screening, 30.3% had low bone mass and 4.5% had osteoporosis. The median calcium intake was 574.94 mg/day and the caffeine intake was 108.11 mg/day. No association was found between bone mass and anthropometric parameters, calcium intake or caffeine intake. It was found that 38.4% of the women had low bone mass. CONCLUSIONS: No association was found between calcium and caffeine intake and bone mass. High prevalence of low bone mass was observed.

研究背景与目的：骨质疏松症（Osteoporosis）是一种以骨量减少及骨微结构改变为特征的骨骼异常疾病，可导致骨骼脆性增加、骨折易感性升高。年龄增长与低骨量（low bone mass）是骨质疏松性骨折（osteoporotic fractures）的主要不可修正风险因素；可修正风险因素包括久坐不动的生活方式、钙摄入不足、过量饮酒和/或咖啡因摄入、吸烟以及体重偏低。本研究旨在评估巴西南部围绝经期女性（perimenopausal women）的低骨量与钙、咖啡因摄入量之间的关联。

研究设计与实施地点：本研究为横断面研究（cross-sectional study），在巴西南里奥格兰德州的阿雷格里港与卡诺阿斯市开展。

研究方法：本研究共纳入155名平均年龄为53.6±9.5岁的女性，在巴南部开展横断面研究评估。研究采用食物频率问卷（food frequency questionnaires）、跟骨超声（calcaneal ultrasound）骨量检测以及人体测量学评估（anthropometric assessment）三种方式。

研究结果：受试者的超重患病率达67.7%。骨量筛查结果显示，30.3%的受试者存在低骨量，4.5%确诊为骨质疏松症。受试者的钙摄入量中位数为574.94 mg/天，咖啡因摄入量中位数为108.11 mg/天。未发现骨量与人体测量学参数、钙摄入量或咖啡因摄入量之间存在关联。另有38.4%的女性存在低骨量。

研究结论：未发现钙与咖啡因摄入量与骨量之间存在关联。本次研究观察到低骨量的患病率较高。