Table_2_Characterization and evaluation of Greek tomato landraces for productivity and fruit quality traits related to sustainable low-input farming systems.docx

Tomato is one of the most important horticultural species all over the world, having high level of consumption and employing many people, both in the primary sector (farmers) and in the secondary sector (traders, seed companies and processors). Nowadays, the use of commercial tomato F1 hybrids tends to prevail because of high yield potential and homogeneity of fruits which are often characterized by lack of quality and sensory characteristics. In contrast, tomato landraces have outstanding quality traits, such as high concentration of antioxidants and organoleptic compounds, as well as often include desirable genes in their genome for adaptability, plasticity, response to low-input conditions, and high fruit nutritional value. Thus, they are appropriate material in the use of sustainable agricultural management systems or as gene donors for the development of new type of tomato cultivars suitable for low-input farming systems. The present experimental study refers to 22 Greek tomato landraces and two commercial cultivars (cv. Macedonia and the F1 hybrid Formula) used as controls, which were characterized by phenotypical markers and evaluated under low-input sustainable farming conditions. Specifically, during this research, measurements were taken regarding yield potential (early production, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, total yield) and fruit quality traits, such as physicochemical characteristics (pH, acidity, and soluble solid components – Brixο) also according to nutritional value (content of ascorbic acid, lycopene, total carotenoids, and total phenolics) of tomato fruits. In the most promising landraces (cv. Milo Chalkidiki, cv. Eratiras, cv. Lotos, cv. Aspros lotos, cv. Pantaroza, cv. Karabola and cv. Kardia Vodiou), having comparable yield and fruit quality traits with commercial cultivars, intrapopulation “Pure line selection” method, under low-input farming conditions was applied for two years. Following this approach, we succeed to determine the level of yield potential and provide information for the nutritive value and utilization of typical tomato landraces, improving their yield and fruit quality traits, following a mild intrapopulation selection under low-input farming conditions. This data pipeline is expected to be of interest for organic farmers and processors of high nutritive tomato products, with low carbon footprint for the environment.

番茄是全球最重要的园艺物种之一，消费量极高，且在第一产业（农户）与第二产业（贸易商、种业公司及加工企业）中吸纳大量就业。当前，商业番茄F1杂交品种因高产潜力与果实均一性占据主导地位，但这类品种往往缺乏优良风味与感官品质。与之相对，番茄地方品种（landraces）具备突出的品质性状，如抗氧化物质与感官化合物含量高，且其基因组中通常携带适配性、表型可塑性、低投入条件响应性以及高果实营养价值相关的优良基因。因此，它们既适合应用于可持续农业管理系统，也可作为基因供体，用于培育适配低投入耕作体系的新型番茄品种。
本实验研究涉及22份希腊番茄地方品种与2个商业对照品种（cv. Macedonia以及F1杂交种Formula），通过表型标记进行表征，并在低投入可持续耕作条件下开展评价。具体而言，本研究测定了产量相关性状（早期产量、单株结果数、单果质量、总产量）以及果实品质性状，包括理化特性（pH值、酸度、可溶性固形物——白利度（Brix°）），同时分析了番茄果实的营养价值相关指标，如抗坏血酸、番茄红素、总类胡萝卜素及总酚类物质含量。
针对其中7份表现优异的地方品种（cv. Milo Chalkidiki、cv. Eratiras、cv. Lotos、cv. Aspros lotos、cv. Pantaroza、cv. Karabola与cv. Kardia Vodiou），其产量与果实品质性状可与商业品种媲美，研究团队在低投入耕作条件下采用群体内纯系选择（Pure line selection）法开展了为期两年的选育工作。通过该方法，我们明确了其产量潜力水平，并为典型番茄地方品种的营养价值与利用途径提供了参考依据，同时通过低投入条件下的温和群体内选择，改良了这些品种的产量与果实品质性状。
本数据集有望为关注低碳环保的有机种植户以及高品质营养型番茄制品加工企业提供参考价值。