Table_1_Vitamin A deficiency in the MENA region: a 30-year analysis (1990–2019).DOCX

BackgroundVitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a common micronutrient deficiency that imposes a substantial burden worldwide. This study examined the burden of VAD from 1990 to 2019 in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region by age, sex and sociodemographic index (SDI).
MethodsThe data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database. We reported the prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) that were attributable to VAD for the MENA region, along with its constituent countries.
ResultsIn 2019, the MENA region had 30.6 million prevalent cases of VAD, with an age-standardized prevalence rate of 5249.9 per 100,000 population. In addition, VAD was responsible for 62.2 thousand YLDs, with an age-standardized YLD rate of 10.2 per 100,000. The age-standardized prevalence [50.3% (−55.9 to −44.7)] and YLD [−49.3% (−55.3 to −43.1)] rates of VAD have significantly decreased since 1990. In 2019, the MENA region’s VAD-attributable YLD rate was below the global average for males and females across all age groups. Additionally, SDI was negatively associated the age-standardized YLD rate of VAD.
ConclusionThis study underscores the necessity of frequently updating health data and developing guidelines and regulations to prevent, detect early, and effectively treat VAD in the MENA countries.

背景：维生素A缺乏症（Vitamin A deficiency, VAD）是一种常见的微量营养素缺乏症，在全球范围内造成了沉重的疾病负担。本研究针对1990年至2019年中东与北非（Middle East and North Africa, MENA）地区的VAD疾病负担展开分析，按年龄、性别及社会人口指数（sociodemographic index, SDI）进行分层统计。
方法：本研究数据源自《全球疾病负担》（Global Burden of Disease, GBD）2019数据库。我们报告了中东与北非地区及其所属各国中，与VAD相关的患病率、发病率及伤残损失健康寿命年（years lived with disability, YLDs）数据。
结果：2019年，中东与北非地区共有3060万例VAD现患病例，年龄标化患病率为每10万人5249.9例。此外，VAD相关伤残损失健康寿命年达6.22万例，年龄标化伤残损失健康寿命年率为每10万人10.2例。自1990年以来，VAD的年龄标化患病率[50.3%（−55.9至−44.7）]及年龄标化伤残损失健康寿命年率[−49.3%（−55.3至−43.1）]均已显著下降。2019年，中东与北非地区VAD相关的年龄标化伤残损失健康寿命年率，在各年龄组的男性与女性群体中均低于全球平均水平。此外，社会人口指数与VAD的年龄标化伤残损失健康寿命年率呈负相关。
结论：本研究强调，中东与北非国家亟需更新健康数据，并制定相关指南与规范，以实现VAD的预防、早期检出及有效治疗。