KH-4B CORONA Satellite Image (5 of 8) for Syrian/Turkish border of Al Jazira

This is a satellite image data product made available from the 1995 declassification of intelligence imagery acquired by the first generation of United States photo-reconnaissance satellites, including the systems code-named CORONA, ARGON and LANYARD. More than 860,000 images of the Earth's surface, collected between 1960 and 1972 have been declassified. The images were used to produce maps and charts for the Department of Defense and other Federal Government mapping programs. Nearly all of the imagery from these systems was collected using black and white film. There is a very limited amount of infrared film and high definition colour aerial film that was tested as part of the KH-4B missions and yielded poor spatial resolution performance. The original film is being preserved by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and is stored at the National Archives at College Park, MD. The US Geological Survey (USGS) originally delivered these images as negatives and prints to customers, but now USGS offers them as scanned images in *.tiff file formats. The images are not geo-referenced and require a Geographical Information System (GIS) or image processing package to achieve this. This CORONA image dataset was captured as part of the KH-4B mission which photographed the earth's surface from September 1967 to May 1972. The ground resolution for these images is six feet (1.8 metres). This image is identified as DS1107-2154DA071, which is coded to provide the following information: DS = Dataset Name (2 characters) MMMM = Revolution (4 characters) C = Camera Type (1 character) FFF = Frame number (3 characters) This image file is named and is one of eight image files cropped and extracted from the original file. This was done to improve spatial accuracy, during geo-referencing of each image, and reduce file size. The original image covers an area spanning about 275 kilometres in length and 21 kilometres in width. The photo covers an area, which follows along the Syrian/Turkish border and extends east into the Sirnak Province of Turkey. The image starts just east of the Ras al Ayn settlement in Syria and extends east towards the settlement of Beytussebap, Turkey. Beytussebap is about 85km east of the River Tigris. Neither Ras al Ayn or Beytussebap can be seen on the image, but both are within 10km to the west and east respectively. This image covers an area surrounding and between two settlements in Syria, with Amuda visible at the eastern edge and Darbasiyah at the western edge of the image. As this image was captured during the summer month of August in 1969, there is very little cloud cover present; ground visibility is close to 100 percent. This image has been primarily used as part of research to locate and map archaeological sites (Tells) in this part of the Jazira region of Syria. The image also provides an important snapshot of the northern Jazira landscape in 1969. Landscape features and settlements in the region can also be mapped and compared with those from images captured recently to track and compare changes to land-use and settlement patterns in the region. This CORONA image dataset was captured as part of the KH-4B mission which photographed the earth's surface from September 1967 to May 1972. This image is identified as DS1107-2154DA071.Original CORONA image was opened in Adobe Photoshop and cropped into eight segments, then saved as separate files to reduce file size and improve spatial accuracy. Each image segment was cropped again to remove the dark surround and label from original film negative; USGS policy was to scan the entire photo negative. The dark surround contributes significantly to the file size; the removal of this reduces the file size and allows for displaying and joining adjacent images to form a contiguous area. Each CORONA image was subsequently opened in ArcGIS and geo-referenced using ground control points. Landsat images were used as cross-reference sources for acquiring co-ordinates to geo-reference the image. The number of control points added to the image varied and depended on identifiable surface features. When possible, road intersections and settlements were used, though fewer existed when this 1969 image was captured; much of the area covered represents rural landscape. River and wadi confluences and meanders were also located and used for ground control points, though wadis are more prominent in this semi-arid region. Aerial or Satellite Imagery. This dataset was first accessioned in the EDINA ShareGeo Open repository on 2010-09-15 and migrated to Edinburgh DataShare on 2017-02-21.

本数据集为卫星图像数据产品，源自1995年美国第一代照相侦察卫星所获取情报图像的解密公开，涉及代号为CORONA、ARGON及LANYARD的卫星系统。1960年至1972年间采集的86万余张地球表面图像已完成解密，曾用于为美国国防部及其他联邦政府制图项目生成地图与海图。这些系统的几乎所有图像均采用黑白胶片采集；仅少量红外胶片及高清彩色航空胶片在KH-4B任务中进行过测试，但空间分辨率表现不佳。原始胶片由美国国家档案和记录管理局（National Archives and Records Administration, NARA）保存，存放于马里兰州大学公园市国家档案馆。美国地质调查局（US Geological Survey, USGS）最初以底片和冲印件形式向用户交付这些图像，现则提供*.tiff格式的扫描图像版本。这些图像未经过地理配准，需借助地理信息系统（Geographical Information System, GIS）或图像处理软件包实现该功能。本CORONA图像数据集为KH-4B任务的一部分，该任务于1967年9月至1972年5月期间对地球表面进行拍摄，地面分辨率为6英尺（1.8米）。本图像标识为DS1107-2154DA071，其编码包含以下信息：DS=数据集名称（2字符）、MMMM=轨道圈次（4字符）、C=相机类型（1字符）、FFF=帧号（3字符）。本图像文件为从原始文件中裁剪提取的8个图像文件之一，此举旨在提升各图像地理配准时的空间精度并减小文件大小。原始图像覆盖区域长约275公里，宽约21公里，沿叙利亚-土耳其边境分布并向东延伸至土耳其锡尔纳克省；起点位于叙利亚拉斯艾因定居点以东不远处，向东延伸至土耳其贝图塞巴普定居点方向。贝图塞巴普位于底格里斯河以东约85公里处，拉斯艾因与贝图塞巴普均未在图像中直接显示，但分别位于图像西侧及东侧10公里范围内。本图像覆盖叙利亚两个定居点周边及之间的区域，阿穆达位于图像东边缘可见区域，达尔巴西耶位于图像西边缘可见区域。由于拍摄于1969年夏季8月，云量极少，地面可见度接近100%。本图像主要用于叙利亚杰济拉地区该部分考古遗址（Tell遗址）的定位与制图研究，同时为1969年杰济拉北部地貌提供了重要快照记录；通过对区域地貌特征及定居点制图并与近期图像对比，可追踪分析土地利用及定居模式的变化。本CORONA图像数据集为KH-4B任务的一部分，该任务于1967年9月至1972年5月期间对地球表面进行拍摄，本图像标识为DS1107-2154DA071。原始CORONA图像在Adobe Photoshop中打开并裁剪为8个片段，保存为独立文件以减小大小并提升空间精度；每个片段需再次裁剪以去除原始底片的暗边及标签（USGS政策要求扫描完整底片），暗边去除后可减小文件大小并便于拼接相邻图像形成连续区域。随后，每个CORONA图像在ArcGIS中打开并通过地面控制点配准，Landsat图像用作坐标交叉参考源；控制点数量因可识别特征而异，优先使用道路交叉口及定居点（1969年时较少，多为乡村地貌），也使用河流与干谷的汇合处及曲流（干谷在半干旱区域更显著）。航空或卫星图像。本数据集于2010年9月15日首次收录于EDINA ShareGeo Open知识库，并于2017年2月21日迁移至爱丁堡数据共享平台（Edinburgh DataShare）。