DataSheet1_Three Decades of Adolescent Health: Unveiling Global Trends Across 41 Countries in Psychological and Somatic Complaints (1994–2022).docx

ObjectivesThis study examined (non-)monotonic time trends in psychological and somatic complaints among adolescents, along with gender differences.
MethodsRepeated cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) data from 1994 to 2022 covering 15-year-old adolescents from 41 countries (N = 470,797) were analysed. Three polynomial logistic regression models (linear, quadratic, cubic) were tested for best fit, including separate analyses by gender and health complaints dimension.
ResultsTime trend patterns varied by gender and health complaints dimension. Increases were found in 82.3% of cases (linear 25%, quadratic U-shaped 28.7%, cubic 28.7%), while 14% showed no clear trend, and 3.7% decreased. Boys typically showed linear increases or no clear trend over time, whereas girls generally showed cubic or U-shaped trends. Psychological complaints often displayed U-shaped or cubic patterns, whereas somatic complaints mostly showed linear increases.
ConclusionPsychological and somatic complaints demonstrated diverse time trend patterns across countries, with non-monotonic patterns (U-shaped and cubic) frequently observed alongside linear increases. These findings highlight the complexity of changes within countries over three decades, suggesting that linear modelling may not effectively capture this heterogeneity.

研究目标 本研究旨在考察青少年心理与躯体不适症状的（非）单调时间变化趋势，并分析相关性别差异。研究方法 本研究分析了1994年至2022年间的重复横断面学龄儿童健康行为（Health Behaviour in School-aged Children, HBSC）调查数据，样本覆盖41个国家的15岁青少年，总样本量N=470797。本研究构建线性、二次、三次三类多项式逻辑回归模型以筛选最优拟合模型，并分别按性别与健康不适症状维度开展细分分析。研究结果 时间趋势模式因性别与健康不适症状维度存在显著差异。82.3%的分析案例呈现症状上升趋势（其中线性趋势占25%、二次U型趋势占28.7%、三次趋势占28.7%），14%的案例未呈现明确趋势，仅3.7%的案例呈现症状下降趋势。男性群体随时间多表现为线性上升或无明确趋势，而女性群体则普遍呈现三次或U型变化趋势。心理不适症状多呈现U型或三次变化模式，躯体不适症状则大多表现为线性上升趋势。研究结论 不同国家的青少年心理与躯体不适症状均呈现多样化的时间变化模式，线性上升趋势与非单调模式（U型与三次趋势）均较为常见。本研究结果凸显了近三十年来各国健康变化的复杂性，提示线性建模或无法有效捕捉此类异质性特征。