Koe: Web-based software to classify acoustic units and analyse sequence structure in animal vocalisations

1. Classifying acoustic units is often a key step in studying repertoires and sequence structure in animal communication.  Manual classification by eye and ear remains the primary method, but new tools and techniques are urgently needed to expedite the process for large, diverse datasets.

2. Here we introduce Koe, an application for classifying and analysing animal vocalisations. Koe offers bulk-labelling of units via interactive ordination plots and unit tables, as well as visualisation and playback, segmentation, measurement, data filtering/exporting and new tools for analysing repertoire and sequence structure—in an integrated environment.

3. We demonstrate Koe with a real-world case study of New Zealand bellbird Anthornis melanura songs from an archipelago metapopulation. Having classified 21,500 units in Koe, we compare repertoires and sequence structure between sites and sexes.

4. Koe is web-based (koe.io.ac.nz) and easy to use, making it ideal for collaboration, educatio...

1. 声学单元（acoustic unit）分类通常是研究动物通讯中发声库与序列结构的关键步骤。人工目视与听觉分类仍是主要方法，但迫切需要新工具与技术来加速大型、多样化数据集的处理流程。

2. 本文介绍Koe——一款用于动物发声分类与分析的应用程序。Koe在集成环境中提供了多种功能：通过交互式排序图与单元表实现单元批量标注，以及可视化与回放、分割、测量、数据筛选/导出，还有用于分析发声库与序列结构的新工具。

3. 我们通过新西兰钟雀（Anthornis melanura）群岛集合种群鸣唱的真实案例研究展示Koe的应用。在Koe中完成21500个单元的分类后，我们比较了不同地点与性别的发声库及序列结构。

4. Koe基于网络（网址：koe.io.ac.nz）且易于使用，使其成为协作、教育（原文此处不完整）的理想选择。