Data_Sheet_1_Comparative Mitogenome Analysis Reveals Mitochondrial Genome Differentiation in Ectomycorrhizal and Asymbiotic Amanita Species.xlsx

In this present study, we assembled and analyzed the mitogenomes of two asymbiotic and six ectomycorrhizal Amanita species based on next-generation sequencing data. The size of the eight Amanita mitogenomes ranged from 37,341 to 137,428 bp, and we considered introns to be one of the main factors contributing to the size variation of Amanita. The introns of the cox1 gene experienced frequent gain/loss events in Amanita; and the intron position class cox1P386 was lost in the six ectomycorrhizal Amanita species. In addition, ectomycorrhizal Amanita species had more repetitive sequences and fewer intergenic sequences than asymbiotic Amanita species in their mitogenomes. Large-scale gene rearrangements were detected in the Amanita species we tested, including gene displacements and inversions. On the basis of the combined mitochondrial gene set, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of 66 Basidiomycetes. The six ectomycorrhizal Amanita species were of single origin, and the two saprophytic Amanita species formed two distinct clades. This study is the first to elucidate the functions of the mitogenome in the evolution and ecological adaptation of Amanita species.

本研究基于下一代测序数据，组装并分析了2株非共生（asymbiotic）与6株外生菌根（ectomycorrhizal）鹅膏属（Amanita）物种的线粒体基因组（mitogenome）。8个鹅膏属线粒体基因组的长度介于37341 bp至137428 bp之间，研究认为内含子（intron）是导致鹅膏属线粒体基因组长度变异的主要因素之一。细胞色素c氧化酶亚基1（cox1）基因的内含子在鹅膏属中频繁发生获得与丢失事件；且6株外生菌根鹅膏属物种丢失了内含子位置类别cox1P386。此外，相较于非共生鹅膏属物种，外生菌根鹅膏属物种的线粒体基因组中拥有更多重复序列与更少的基因间序列。在所检测的鹅膏属物种中均发现了大规模基因重排现象，包括基因移位与倒位。基于整合的线粒体基因集，本研究重建了66个担子菌门（Basidiomycetes）物种的系统发育关系。6株外生菌根鹅膏属物种具有单一演化起源，而2株腐生（saprophytic）鹅膏属物种则形成了两个独立的演化支（clades）。本研究首次阐明了线粒体基因组在鹅膏属物种演化与生态适应中的功能。