Table_1_Optimization of underground open intermediary space comfort in TOD complexes: A case study of Chongqing, China.docx

Rapid urbanization drives social development, but at the same time brings sustainable development Rapid urbanization drives social development, but at the same time brings sustainable development advantages of expanding underground space and relieving urban traffic congestion. High quality TOD complexes with natural elements in the intermediary space have been considered as one of the important means to address sustainable urban development. Nevertheless, intermediary spaces in TOD complexes face various challenges, such as significant contradictory factors in their physical environment spaces. This study classifies the underground open intermediary space into four types according to the characteristics of TOD complexes. And for these four types'Cthe physical environment—generated by various influencing factors of planar geometric, three-dimensional geometric, and detailed construction elements—is simulated using a numerical simulation method based on a static Taguchi experiment. The results demonstrate that space shape is a primary influencing factor for luminous and thermal environments; the window-atrium ratio (W/A ratio) and hole-atrium ratio (H/A ratio) comprise contradictory factors between the luminous and thermal environments of these spaces; profile inclination angle and sunken plaza height are primary impact factors for the acoustic environment; and skylight type has minimal influence on the physical environment. On average, their luminous and acoustic environment comfort can be improved by 200%; whereas, their thermal environment comfort can be improved by 21% and the potential for optimizing it in their shallow space (underground space depth ≤ 10 m) is relatively low. Subsequently, the necessity of comfort optimization as the passive optimization design of underground open intermediary spaces' physical environment in TOD complexes in the future is discussed. Finally, the feasible path and prospect of how to improve the livability and comfort of the spatial physical environment of TOD complexes are discussed and prospected.

快速城市化驱动社会发展，同时也带来了拓展地下空间、缓解城市交通拥堵等可持续发展优势。在中介空间融入自然元素的高品质以公共交通为导向的开发（Transit-Oriented Development, TOD）综合体，已被视为实现城市可持续发展的重要路径之一。然而，TOD综合体中的中介空间却面临诸多挑战，例如其物理环境空间中存在显著的矛盾性影响因素。本研究根据TOD综合体的特征，将地下开放中介空间划分为四大类型。针对这四类空间，其物理环境由平面几何、三维几何以及细部构造要素等多种影响因素共同塑造，本研究采用基于静态田口实验（Taguchi experiment）的数值模拟方法对其进行模拟分析。研究结果表明，空间形态是影响光环境与热环境的核心因素；窗庭比（W/A比）与孔庭比（H/A比）是该类空间光热环境之间的矛盾性影响因子；剖面倾角与下沉广场高度是影响声环境的主要因素；而天窗类型对物理环境的影响程度最低。平均而言，其光环境与声环境的舒适度可提升200%；而热环境舒适度仅能提升21%，且在浅层地下空间（地下空间深度≤10米）中，热环境的优化潜力相对较低。随后，本研究探讨了将舒适度优化作为未来TOD综合体地下开放中介空间物理环境被动优化设计的必要性。最后，本研究对提升TOD综合体空间物理环境宜居性与舒适度的可行路径及发展前景进行了探讨与展望。