Transitioning to 1500m at LA2028: Impact of Duration on Energetic Contribution and Performance in Maximal Ergometer Rowing

This dataset includes three core datasets from an experimental study investigating how reducing rowing race distance from 2000m to 1500m for the Los Angeles 2028 Olympic Games, affects energetic contributions and performance outcomes in male rowers.
Data Set 1:
This dataset reports anaerobic contribution (percentage of total energy derived anaerobically) calculated using the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) method (slope and intercept included) across three maximal-effort rowing trials simulating different race durations: 4-min (representing 1500m in men’s eight), 5min10sec (approximate 1500m in single scull/2000m in men’s eight), and 6min30sec (traditional 2000m single scull).

Data Set 2
This dataset contains performance metrics (average power, distance, split time, stroke rate, heart rate, peak VO₂) recorded during each rowing trial. Anaerobic contribution, calculated for each trial, is also included. Together, these variables reflect the shift in energy system reliance and physical output as race duration changes.

Data Set 3
Anthropometric data (age, height, mass, body fat percentage, lean mass) and peak/maximal power output from three laboratory tests are included: countermovement jump (CMJ) power output, a 7-stroke maximal rowing test, and a 30-second Wingate cycling test.

Research Hypothesis
The primary hypothesis tested was that shorter race durations (simulating 1500m) would elicit a higher reliance on anaerobic metabolism and higher average power output compared to 2000m-equivalent trials. A secondary hypothesis explored whether maximal power output assessments correlated with rowing performance, especially over shorter durations.

Key Findings and Interpretation

Anaerobic contribution increased significantly as trial duration decreased, from 17.5% at 6min30 to 27.5% at 4min.

Average power output rose by approximately 11.7% from the longest to shortest trial.

Maximum power outputs, particularly from Wingate and 7-stroke tests, were significantly correlated with rowing performance across all trial durations.

These findings demonstrate a clear shift towards anaerobic energy pathways and increased power demands at 1500m race durations, suggesting sprint-oriented athletes may be favored under this format. The dataset supports future analyses of energy contributions, power-oxygen relationships, and potential athlete profiling based on power tests.

Researchers can interpret the data in the context of aerobic and anaerobic system contributions and apply the findings to coaching, training, and selection strategies for rowing at different race distances.

*Participant numbers reflect anonymous number assigned upon first test. Participants 06,10,12 were excluded due to illness/injury. Participant 03 was excluded due to exceedingly low VO₂ values resulting in implausible, negative anaerobic contributions.

本数据集包含一项实验研究的三类核心数据集，该研究旨在探究：为适配2028年洛杉矶奥运会，将赛艇比赛距离从2000米缩减至1500米后，对男子赛艇运动员的能量供能占比与比赛成绩的影响。

数据集1：
本数据集记录了三项模拟不同比赛时长的最大强度赛艇测试的无氧供能占比（anaerobic contribution，即总能量中通过无氧代谢获取的能量占比），该占比通过最大累积氧亏（maximal accumulated oxygen deficit, MAOD）法计算得出（包含斜率与截距项）。三项测试对应的时长分别为：4分钟（模拟男子八人单桨有舵手（men’s eight）项目1500米赛程）、5分10秒（模拟单人双桨（single scull）项目1500米/男子八人单桨有舵手项目2000米赛程）、6分30秒（传统单人双桨项目2000米赛程）。

数据集2：
本数据集包含每项赛艇测试中记录的比赛表现指标，包括平均功率、赛程距离、分段用时（split time）、划桨频率（stroke rate）、心率以及峰值摄氧量（peak VO₂），同时包含每项测试计算得到的无氧供能占比。上述变量共同反映了随比赛时长变化，运动员能量系统依赖与身体输出水平的变化趋势。

数据集3：
本数据集包含受试者的人体测量学数据（年龄、身高、体重、体脂率、瘦体重），以及三项实验室测试的峰值/最大功率输出数据：反向跳跃（countermovement jump, CMJ）功率输出、7桨次最大强度赛艇测试、30秒温盖特骑行测试（Wingate cycling test）。

研究假设：
本研究检验的核心假设为，相较于模拟2000米赛程的测试，更短时长（模拟1500米赛程）的测试会让运动员更依赖无氧代谢，且平均功率输出更高。次要假设则探究最大功率输出评估结果是否与赛艇表现相关，尤其是在短时长赛程场景下。

主要发现与解读：
随测试时长缩短，无氧供能占比显著升高，从6分30秒测试的17.5%升至4分钟测试的27.5%。从最长时长到最短时长的测试，平均功率输出提升约11.7%。最大功率输出（尤其是温盖特测试与7桨次测试的结果）与所有时长下的赛艇表现均存在显著相关性。
上述结果清晰表明，1500米赛程下运动员的能量供能通路明显转向无氧代谢，且功率需求更高，这意味着短距离冲刺型运动员在该赛制下更具优势。本数据集可为后续的能量供能占比分析、功率-摄氧量关系研究，以及基于功率测试的潜在运动员画像构建提供支撑。研究人员可结合有氧与无氧供能系统的供能占比解读本数据集，并将研究结果应用于不同赛距赛艇项目的教练指导、训练规划与运动员选拔策略中。

*受试者编号为首次测试时分配的匿名编号。受试者06、10、12因患病/受伤被排除；受试者03因摄氧量数值极低，导致无氧供能占比计算结果不合理（为负值）而被排除。