(S)radicamento e comunità. Le risposte di Simone Weil alla crisi del soggetto

This essay discusses aspects of Weil's philosophy related to her conception of uprooting and community. Weil's philosophy fits into a stream of thought around the crisis of the Subject. The latter in the twentieth century is transformed from an original and certain datum to a long and arduous "task" of becoming conscious, through the recognition in itself of the multiple traces of the Other. As Weil demonstrates through the two concepts of uprooting – one from the "inside" and another from the "outside" – present in her work, the identity of the Subject involves the recognition of the otherness constitutive to us: "knowing" for the human being always means "recognizing" through the mediation of the Other and, therefore, through the numerous signs in which otherness manifests itself. This reflection is accompanied by the importance that the philosopher assigns to the community and to the history, in order to fight the uprooting from the "outside". Finally, aspects of religious communitarianism will be analysed to show the affinity with Weil's reflections on community and history.

本文探讨了韦伊哲学中与连根拔起（uprooting）及共同体（community）概念相关的若干方面。韦伊的哲学属于围绕主体（Subject）危机展开的思想流派之一。二十世纪的主体不再是原初且确定的给定物，而是通过对自身内部他者（Other）多重痕迹的认知，转变为一项漫长而艰巨的‘意识觉醒任务’。正如韦伊在其著作中通过两种连根拔起的概念——一种源于‘内部’，另一种源于‘外部’——所阐释的那样，主体的身份认同包含对构成我们自身的他者性（otherness）的认知：对人类而言，‘认知’始终意味着通过他者的中介进行‘识别’，进而通过他者性显现自身的诸多符号来实现这一点。这一思考同时伴随着哲学家对共同体与历史的重视——二者旨在对抗‘外部’层面的连根拔起。最后，本文将分析宗教社群主义（religious communitarianism）的若干方面，以揭示其与韦伊关于共同体及历史的思考之间的亲缘性。