Western-Mediterranean Pinus pinaster tree ring widths and indices for the period 1950-2014

Aim: We investigate the effects of the environmental and geographical processes driving growth resilienceand recovery in response to drought inMediterraneanPinus pinasterforests. We explicitly consider how intra-specific variability modulates growth resilience to drought.

Location: western Mediterranean basin

Methods: We analyzed tree rings froma large network of 48 forests (836 trees) encompassing wide ecological and climatic gradients and including six provenances. To characterize the major constraints of P. pinaster growth under extremely dry conditions, we simulated growth responses to temperature and soil moisture using a process-based growth model coupled with the quantification of climate-growth relationships.Then, we related growth-resilience indices to provenance and site variables considering different drought events.

Results: P. pinaster displayed strong variation in growth resilience across its distributional range, but common patterns were found within each provenance. Post-drought resilience increased with elevation and drier conditions but decreased with spring precipitation. Trees from dry sites were less resistant to drought but recovered faster than trees from wet sites.

Main conclusions: Resilience strategies differed among tree provenances: wet forests showed higher growth resistance to drought, while dry forests presentedfaster growthrecovery, suggesting different impacts of climate warming on forest productivity.We detected geographicallystructured resilience patterns corresponding to different provenances,confirming high intra-specific variability in response to drought. This information should be included in species distribution models to simulate forest responses toclimate warming and forecasted aridification.

研究目的：本研究旨在探究驱动地中海海岸松（Pinus pinaster）林应对干旱胁迫时生长恢复力与灾后恢复过程的环境及地理调控机制，并明确种内变异如何调节林木对干旱的生长恢复能力。

研究区域：西地中海盆地

研究方法：我们基于覆盖广泛生态与气候梯度、涵盖6个种源（provenance）的48个林分（共836株林木）的大尺度树木年轮网络开展分析。为表征极端干旱条件下海岸松生长的主要限制因子，我们耦合运用基于过程的生长模型与气候-生长关系量化方法，模拟了林木生长对温度与土壤水分的响应。随后，我们针对不同干旱事件，将生长恢复力指数与种源及立地变量进行关联分析。

研究结果：海岸松在其分布范围内的生长恢复力存在显著空间差异，但各同种源组内呈现出统一的变化规律。灾后恢复力随海拔升高与立地干旱程度加剧而提升，但随春季降水量增加而降低。来自干旱立地的林木对干旱的抵抗能力较弱，但相较于湿润立地的林木，其灾后恢复速度更快。

主要结论：不同种源的林木其干旱恢复策略存在显著分异：湿润林分的林木对干旱的生长抵抗能力更强，而干旱林分的林木则表现出更快的生长恢复速度，这表明气候变暖对森林生产力的影响存在区域差异。我们检测到与不同种源对应的地理结构化恢复力格局，证实了种内对干旱响应的高度变异。上述研究结果应纳入物种分布模型，以模拟森林对气候变暖的响应并预测未来干旱化趋势。