中国开发区行政区划数据

在建设中国特色社会主义经济的过程中，我国依托各地区域优势，建立了一大批具有当地特色的经济区，如经济开发区、高新技术产业开发区、边境经济合作区、海关特殊监管区等。1988年8月，中国国家高新技术产业化发展计划——火炬计划开始实施，1992年，国务院批准成立第一个边境经济合作区。作为国家吸引外资的重要载体，各地经济区在我国改革开放的经济发展进程里做出了重大的贡献。  无论是国家级或是省级经济区，常常都伴随必要的基础设施建设、企业扶植与税收土地优惠等政策，而根据所在区域与建立目的不同，又赋予其特殊的历史含义。加入WTO后，中国经济与世界经济联系更为紧密，开发区吸引来大型跨国公司，大规模、成批量地引进外资，先进的技术、设备和管理理念也随之而来，这直接大大推进了中国工业现代化的进程。但与此同时，开发区过多、过滥，盲目占地、开而不发的现象比较严重。针对全国各类开发区过多过滥，一些地方借开发区之名乱占耕地，侵犯农民利益等问题，2003年7月起，国务院部署开展了对全国各类开发区的清理整顿工作。2007年初，国家发展改革委、国土资源部、建设部联合发布了《中国开发区审核公告目录（2006年版）》，经过三年多的整顿，截至2006年12月，全国各类开发区由六千多个核减至一千多个，规划面积由近四万平方公里压缩至九千多平方公里。

In the process of building the socialist economy with Chinese characteristics, China has established a large number of locally characteristic economic zones based on the regional advantages of various localities, including economic development zones (EDZs), high-tech industrial development zones (HTIDZs), border economic cooperation zones (BECZs), and customs special supervision zones, among others.

In August 1988, China's national high-tech industrialization development program—the Torch Program—was officially launched. In 1992, the State Council approved the establishment of the country's first border economic cooperation zone. As important carriers for attracting foreign capital at the national level, local economic zones have made significant contributions to China's economic development during the reform and opening-up process.

Both national and provincial-level economic zones are typically accompanied by supportive policies including targeted infrastructure construction, enterprise cultivation, and preferential tax and land policies. Depending on their geographic location and founding objectives, these zones also carry distinct historical connotations.

Following China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), China's economy has become increasingly integrated with the global economy. Development zones have attracted large multinational corporations, introduced foreign capital on a large scale and in bulk, and brought in advanced technologies, equipment and modern management concepts, which directly and substantially accelerated the process of China's industrial modernization.

However, concomitant issues have also emerged: the number of development zones has grown excessively and become unregulated, with widespread problems of blind land occupation and "development zones left idle without actual operation".

In response to the nationwide over-proliferation of development zones, cases of local governments illegally occupying arable land under the guise of development zones, and violations of farmers' legitimate rights and interests, the State Council launched a national cleanup and rectification campaign for all types of development zones starting in July 2003.

In early 2007, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the Ministry of Land and Resources, and the Ministry of Construction jointly issued the "Catalog of Approved and Announced China Development Zones (2006 Edition)". After over three years of rectification, as of December 2006, the total number of development zones nationwide had been reduced from more than 6,000 to just over 1,000, and their combined planned area had been shrunk from nearly 40,000 square kilometers to over 9,000 square kilometers.