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Based on Marx’s theory of international value, this paper analyzes the carrier of unequal exchange and the path of international transfer of surplus value, constructs an international division of labour status index by comprehensively observing the organic composition of capital in the export and import sectors, and tries to accurately grasp the characteristics of the current international division of labour pattern coexisting between horizontal products and vertical products. At the same time, based on the data of all available HS92 six-digit code categories in various countries in the world from 1993 to 2016, the level of international division of labour in China is empirically analysed. The results show that: (1) there is no breakthrough in the situation of China’s low status of international division of labour; (2) the high capital-organic composition of the import sector is the main reason for the low status of international division of labour; (3) the continuous decline in the absolute value of captured surplus is a global phenomenon; (4) WTO accession has not significantly improved the status of international division of labour. Finally, the idea of improving the status of international division of labour through the development of domestic regional cooperation is put forward.

本文基于马克思国际价值理论，剖析了不平等交换的载体与剩余价值国际转移的路径，并通过综合考察进出口部门的资本有机构成，构建了国际分工地位指数，以期精准把握当前横向产品与纵向产品共存的国际分工格局特征。同时，基于1993至2016年全球各国可获取的全部1992年版《商品名称及编码协调制度》（HS92）六位数编码类别的数据，对中国的国际分工水平开展实证分析。研究结果表明：（1）中国国际分工地位偏低的局面尚未实现突破；（2）进口部门较高的资本有机构成是导致其国际分工地位偏低的主要原因；（3）所攫取剩余的绝对额持续下滑是全球性现象；（4）加入世界贸易组织（WTO）并未显著改善中国的国际分工地位。最后，本文提出了通过发展国内区域合作以提升国际分工地位的思路。