Supplementary information files for "Revisiting the ancient origins of gender inequality"

Supplementary files for article "Revisiting the ancient origins of gender inequality"<br><br>This study re-examines the long-term effect of traditional plough use on contemporary gender roles, as originally advanced by Alesina, Giuliano and Nunn [Quarterly Journal of Economics (2013) Vol. 128, pp. 469 – 530]. The findings demonstrate that the reduced-form relationship between historical plough adoption and female empowerment is robust to implementing a falsification test, using alternative proxies for gender roles, and accounting for potential selection bias from unobservables and spatial dependence. Additional evidence indicates that ancestral plough adoption reinforced the persistence of gender-biased norms, reflected in oral traditions, that continue to shape present-day gender inequality. However, the intergenerational transmission of these norms is substantially weaker in societies whose ancestors were exposed to unstable climatic environments between 500 CE and 1900 CE, suggesting that ancestral instability constrained the cultural persistence of plough-induced gender roles.<br><br>© The Author(s). CC-BY 4.0

论文《重探性别不平等的远古起源》补充资料

本研究重新检验了传统犁耕使用对当代性别角色的长期影响，该假说最初由Alesina、Giuliano与Nunn提出[《经济学季刊》(Quarterly Journal of Economics，2013年) 第128卷，第469–530页]。

研究结果表明，历史犁耕技术采用与女性赋权之间的简约式关系(reduced-form relationship)，在开展证伪检验(falsification test)、使用性别角色的替代代理变量，以及控制不可观测因素与空间相关性(spatial dependence)带来的潜在选择偏误(selection bias)后依然稳健。

额外的实证证据显示，祖先的犁耕技术采用强化了带有性别偏见的社会规范的延续性——这类规范通过口头传统留存至今，并持续塑造着当代的性别不平等状况。

然而，在祖先曾于公元500年至1900年间经历不稳定气候环境的社会中，这类社会规范的代际传递(intergenerational transmission)程度显著更弱，这表明祖先时期的气候不稳定制约了犁耕引发的性别角色的文化延续性。

© 作者。CC-BY 4.0