Case-control study of oral disease indexes in individuals with head and neck cancer after antineoplastic therapy

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the oral health of patients with head and neck cancer after antineoplastic treatment, and to compare them with patients with no history of cancer. Methods A total of 75 patients, divided into Study Group, composed of individuals after antineoplastic treatment (n=30), and Control Group, with individuals with no history of cancer (n=45), aged 37 to 79 years. The oral health status was evaluated through the index of decayed, missing or filled permanent teeth (DMFT), community periodontal index and evaluation of the use and need of prosthesis. All of these items were evaluated according to the criteria recommended by the World Health Organization. The statistical analysis was descriptive and used the Pearson’s χ2 test. Results The community periodontal index was higher in the Study Group when compared to the Control Group (p<0.0001). The need for an upper (p<0.001) and lower (p<0.0001) prostheses was higher in the Study Group. Also, the use of upper prosthesis was higher in the Study Group (p<0.002). The missing or filled permanent teeth index between the two groups (p>0.0506) and the use of lower prosthesis (p>0.214) did not present a relevant statistical difference. Conclusion Periodontal disease and edentulism are the most significant changes in individuals who received antineoplastic therapy for head and neck cancer as well as greater need for oral rehabilitation.

摘要

研究目的：本研究旨在评估头颈部恶性肿瘤患者接受抗肿瘤治疗后的口腔健康状况，并与无癌症病史的人群进行对比。

研究方法：本研究共纳入75名受试者，分为研究组（n=30，为接受过抗肿瘤治疗的头颈部恶性肿瘤患者）与对照组（n=45，为无癌症病史的人群），受试者年龄跨度为37~79岁。口腔健康状况的评估采用龋失补恒牙指数（decayed, missing or filled permanent teeth, DMFT）、社区牙周指数（Community Periodontal Index）以及义齿使用情况与需求评估，所有评估项目均参照世界卫生组织（World Health Organization, WHO）推荐的标准执行。统计分析采用描述性分析方法，并使用皮尔逊卡方检验（Pearson’s χ2 test）进行组间比较。

研究结果：相较于对照组，研究组的社区牙周指数更高（p<0.0001）。研究组对上颌义齿的需求（p<0.001）以及下颌义齿的需求（p<0.0001）均显著高于对照组；同时，研究组上颌义齿的使用率也更高（p<0.002）。两组间的龋失补恒牙指数（p=0.0506>0.05）以及下颌义齿的使用率（p=0.214>0.05）未出现具有统计学意义的显著差异。

研究结论：接受头颈部恶性肿瘤抗肿瘤治疗的患者，其牙周疾病与无牙症是最为显著的口腔健康改变，同时也存在更高的口腔康复需求。