Eating behavior in obesity and its correlation with nutritional treatment

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the types of eating behavior in individuals with obesity and correlated with adherence to the adopted treatment. Methods Cross-sectional study developed at the institution of cardiology in individuals with obesity. The types of eating behavior were analyzed using the scale The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire – R21 (TFEQ-21) – translated and adapted for Brazilians. Three subscales are addressed: cognitive restriction (CR), emotional eating (EE), and uncontrolled eating (UE). Adherence to nutritional treatment was verified by the instrument developed by the institution, based on the main guidelines for chronic diseases. Results We analyzed 100 individuals, with a higher prevalence of females (68%). Regarding adherence, only 25% have good adherence (score > 60%). It was possible to identify the relationship between the BMI and the CR, the higher or lower the BMI was the intensity of the CR (p = 0.02) There was a positive correlation between CR and adherence to fat (p = 0.02) and dietary fiber (p = 0.004). The EE subscale showed a negative correlation with adherence to fat consumption (p = 0.03) and a positive correlation with UE (p < 0.01). Conclusions The most frequent type of eating behavior in the sample was cognitive restriction and was not correlated with the total adherence score. AE was associated with greater consumption of fats, like national and international studies. There is a gap in studies that relate to eating behavior with adherence to nutritional treatment.

摘要 研究目的：分析肥胖个体的饮食行为类型，并探讨其与所采纳治疗方案依从性的相关性。研究方法：本研究为横断面研究，于某心脏病学机构开展，研究对象为肥胖人群。采用经巴西本土化翻译与调适的三因素饮食问卷修订版21项量表（Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire – R21，TFEQ-21）评估饮食行为类型，该量表涵盖3个亚量表：认知限制（cognitive restriction, CR）、情绪性进食（emotional eating, EE）及失控性进食（uncontrolled eating, UE）。采用本机构基于慢性疾病主流诊疗指南开发的专用工具评估营养治疗依从性。研究结果：本研究共纳入100名研究对象，女性占比更高（68%）。依从性方面，仅25%的个体具有良好依从性（评分＞60分）。分析发现，BMI与认知限制存在显著关联：BMI水平与认知限制强度呈显著相关性（p=0.02）。认知限制与脂肪摄入依从性（p=0.02）及膳食纤维摄入依从性（p=0.004）均呈正相关。情绪性进食亚量表与脂肪摄入依从性呈负相关（p=0.03），且与失控性进食呈正相关（p＜0.01）。研究结论：本研究样本中最常见的饮食行为类型为认知限制，其与总依从性评分无相关性。情绪性进食与更高的脂肪摄入相关，这与国内外既往研究结果一致。目前针对饮食行为与营养治疗依从性相关性的研究仍存在空白。